1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 14, part 1 The Brain and Cranial Nerves

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Name the major regions of the brain and describe their functions. Discuss the formation, circulation and functions of the CSF. List the main components of the medulla oblongata, the pons, the cerebellum, the mesencephalon, the diencephalon, and the limbic system and specify their functions.

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Identify the major anatomical subdivisions of the cerebrum. Locate the motor, sensory and association areas of the cerebral cortex and discuss their functions. Describe representative examples of cranial reflexes.

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 14-1 An Introduction to the Organization of the Brain

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Six regions in the adult brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Mesencephalon Pons Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Brain contains extensive areas of neural cortex Layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebellum and cerebrum Major regions and landmarks

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.1 The Adult Brain Figure 14.1a, c

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.1 The Adult Brain Figure 14.1b

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.1 The Adult Brain Figure 14.1d

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.2 An Introduction to Brain Functions Figure 14.2

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Brain forms from three swellings at the tip of the developing neural tube Prosencephalon Forms the telencephalon and eventually the cerebrum and diencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Forms the metencephalon (cerebellum and pons) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) Embryology of the brain

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Central passageway of the brain enlarges to form ventricles Contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ventricles of the brain

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.3a, b Figure 14.3 Ventricles of the Brain Animation: Brain Dissections PLAY

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 14-2 Protection and Support of the Brain

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Continuous with the three layers of the spinal cord Folds of dura mater help stabilize the position of the brain Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Falx cerebelli The cranial meninges

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4 The Relationship among the Brain, Cranium, and Meninges Figure 14.4a, b

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings CSF cushions delicate neural structures Supports the brain Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products Pathway of CSF Produced at the Choroid plexus, Travels through the lateral and medial apertures to the subarachnoid space, Diffuses across the arachnoid granulations into the superior sagittal sinus Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.5a, b Figure 14.5 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood brain barrier isolates neural tissue from general circulation Incomplete barrier in areas Parts of the hypothalamus Pituitary gland Pineal gland Choroid plexus Blood supply to the brain