1. Renaissance Art

2. Giotto di Bondone (b. 1267- d.1337) Giotto is mentioned by name in Dante’s inferno (Dante feared history would forget Giotto. Not so! Modern artists often seek inspiration from Giotto) Giotto is mentioned by name in Dante’s inferno (Dante feared history would forget Giotto. Not so! Modern artists often seek inspiration from Giotto) In common with other artists of his day, Giotto lacked the technical knowledge of anatomy and perspective that later painters learned. In common with other artists of his day, Giotto lacked the technical knowledge of anatomy and perspective that later painters learned. But, he possessed a grasp of human emotion and what was significant in human life But, he possessed a grasp of human emotion and what was significant in human life He created compelling pictures of people under stress, of people caught up in crises and soul searching decisions. He created compelling pictures of people under stress, of people caught up in crises and soul searching decisions.

3. Giotto (1267-1337) Crucifix * Christ is depicted as a real man and in a more natural pose. * Use of chiaroscuro (technique of using light and shad)

4. Donatello (b. 1386- d.1466) Master of sculpture in bronze and marble Master of sculpture in bronze and marble Patrons often found him hard to deal with because he demanded a measure of artistic freedom in a day when artists’ working conditions were regulated by guild rules Patrons often found him hard to deal with because he demanded a measure of artistic freedom in a day when artists’ working conditions were regulated by guild rules He was a connoisseur of ancient art He was a connoisseur of ancient art

5. Donatello David and Goliath (1440s) * 62.5 inches tall * The first unsupported standing work in bronze cast since classical times * This statue originally belonged to Cosimo de Medici * Created a sensation due to its portrayal of a nude young male * The effeminately depicted David has a mysterious smile on his face.

6. Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510 ) * Early Renaissance painter * Worked for the great families of Florence, especially the de Medicis * Tried to reconcile classical and Christian views in his works * With the expulsion of the de Medicis from Florence in the 1490s by the fanatic monk Savonarola, his works reflected an intense religious devotion.

7. Botticelli: Adoration of the Magi Contains the likenesses of the Medici family (though not commissioned by the Medicis) Contains the likenesses of the Medici family (though not commissioned by the Medicis) The scene is a ruined classical temple building The scene is a ruined classical temple building It was considered to be the symbol of the destruction of the heathen world by Christ’s arrival It was considered to be the symbol of the destruction of the heathen world by Christ’s arrival

9. Botticelli: Birth of Venus Venus was the Roman Goddess of Love Venus was the Roman Goddess of Love Based on the myth that Venus was born of the waves of the sea Based on the myth that Venus was born of the waves of the sea Pagan in nature, at a time when most artworks depicted Roman Catholic themes Pagan in nature, at a time when most artworks depicted Roman Catholic themes Surprising that this painting escaped the flames of Savonarola’s bonfires – when other works of Botticelli perished. Surprising that this painting escaped the flames of Savonarola’s bonfires – when other works of Botticelli perished.

10. Botticelli: Birth of Venus

12. Botticelli: Madonna of the Pomegranate Note the similarity between the face of the Virgin in this painting, and the face of Venus in Birth of Venus. Note the similarity between the face of the Virgin in this painting, and the face of Venus in Birth of Venus. Meaning of Pomegranate: the wealth of seeds convey the fullness of Christ’s suffering Meaning of Pomegranate: the wealth of seeds convey the fullness of Christ’s suffering The beginning of the prayer of the rosary – a prayer created in the 15 th c. – is embroidered on the angel’s sleeve. Ave Grazia Plena (Hail Mary, full of grace) The beginning of the prayer of the rosary – a prayer created in the 15 th c. – is embroidered on the angel’s sleeve. Ave Grazia Plena (Hail Mary, full of grace)

13. Botticelli: Madonna of the Pomegranate

14. Raphael Master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance Master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance Best known for his Madonnas and his large figure compositions in the Vatican Best known for his Madonnas and his large figure compositions in the Vatican

15. Raphael (1483- 1520) Madonna di Foligno

16. Raphael: School of Athens * A depiction of philosophy * Figures represent each subject that must be mastered in order to hold a true philosophic debate (astronomy, geometry, arithmetic) * Plato and Aristotle are at the top steps * Man leaning on the block is Michelangelo (who Raphael added later after viewing the Michelangelo’s work in the Sistine Chapel) * Raphael painted himself into the artwork * A fresco

18. Massico (c. 1401-1427) First great painter of the Italian Renaissance First great painter of the Italian Renaissance His innovations in the use of scientific perspective inaugurated the modern era in painting. His innovations in the use of scientific perspective inaugurated the modern era in painting. Was influenced by Giotto, but more strongly influenced by Brunelleschi and Donatello, two of his contemporaries. Was influenced by Giotto, but more strongly influenced by Brunelleschi and Donatello, two of his contemporaries.

19. Massacio: The Holy Trinity * A fresco * Executed in perfect perspective

20. Leonard da Vinci (b. 1452 – d. 1519) Considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time Considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time Has been described as the archetype of the “Renaissance man” Has been described as the archetype of the “Renaissance man” He was an artist, engineer, anatomist, physiologist, and more He was an artist, engineer, anatomist, physiologist, and more He conceived of ideas vastly ahead of his own time He conceived of ideas vastly ahead of his own time

21. Leonardo da Vinci Lady with an Ermine * Uses geometric proportions * Ermine is a symbol of chastity * Ironic that the subject was a mistress to the Duke of Milan

22. Leonardo da Vinci: Last Supper

23. Da Vinci: Mona Lisa

24. Michelangelo Buonarroti (b. 1475 – d. 1564) Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect and poet. Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect and poet. Like da Vinci, his rival and fellow Florentine, he is a contender for the title of archetypal Renaissance man. Like da Vinci, his rival and fellow Florentine, he is a contender for the title of archetypal Renaissance man. Sculpted David as a model of heroic courage in the hope that Florentines would be alert and mobilize to confront outside threats Sculpted David as a model of heroic courage in the hope that Florentines would be alert and mobilize to confront outside threats

25. Michelangelo (1475-1564) David * Marble * 14.24 ft tall

26. Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel * He was reluctant to do it because his passion was sculpting and he did not consider himself a painter

27. Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel Creation of Adam

28. Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) The Garden of Earthly Delights * A Dutch painter * Many of his works depict sin and human moral failings * His works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography. * He is said to have been an inspiration to the surrealist movement of the 20 th century

31. Bosch: Ship of Fools * Bosch is imagining that we are all fools traveling the seas of time on a ship

32. El Greco (b. 1541 – d. 1614) From Crete (El Greco means “The Greek”) From Crete (El Greco means “The Greek”) Painter, sculptor and architect who settled in Spain and is regarded as the first great genius of the Spanish School. Painter, sculptor and architect who settled in Spain and is regarded as the first great genius of the Spanish School.

33. El Greco Adoration of the Shepherds * Places great emphasis on the expression of emotions and gestures * Makes remarkable use of light

34. Jan Van Eyck (b. 1385 – d. 1441) Flemish (Belgian) painter Flemish (Belgian) painter Achieved new and remarkable effects in oil painting Achieved new and remarkable effects in oil painting Van Eyck, like most painters, signed and dated his paintings on the frames – as the two were painted at the same time. Van Eyck, like most painters, signed and dated his paintings on the frames – as the two were painted at the same time. An exception to the above rule is his celebrated Arnolfini Portrait – one of his masterpieces. An exception to the above rule is his celebrated Arnolfini Portrait – one of his masterpieces.

35. Jan Van Eyck Arnolfino Wedding * He signed his name above the mirror in this portrait – “Jan Van Eyck was here” * Small dog is a symbol of fertility * Mirror reflects the witnesses * Lighting

36. Van Eyck: The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin

37. Holbein the Younger (b. 1497 – d. 1543) German painter, draftsman and designer renowned for the precise rendering of his drawings and the compelling realism of his portraits – particularly those recording the court of King Henry VIII of England. German painter, draftsman and designer renowned for the precise rendering of his drawings and the compelling realism of his portraits – particularly those recording the court of King Henry VIII of England. His The Ambassadors was presented as a “picture with a secret” – in line with a custom that was to become common, especially in Germany. His The Ambassadors was presented as a “picture with a secret” – in line with a custom that was to become common, especially in Germany.

38. Holbein the Younger Amassadors * The objects and details depict the private and political career of the subjects. * Do you see the secret?

39. Pieter Bruegel the Younger (b. 1497 – d. 1543) Flemish artist Flemish artist Concentrated on scenes from peasant life Concentrated on scenes from peasant life A kind of “wedding crasher” in his day. A kind of “wedding crasher” in his day.

40. Pieter Bruegel the Younger: Peasant Wedding