1. { Unit 2 – Middle Ages and Renaissance

2. 476 1450 400 600 Christian 600 850 Gregorian plainsong 850 1150 Polyphony 1150 1450 Gothic

3. 500 1000 Middle church state 742 814 government law order education monasteries manuscripts, writings, art Sacred church church

4. 1000 1450 Middle Cathedrals universities Cities culture bourgeoisie Nationalistic 1100 1301 1386 Knights Crusades violence religious beliefs Mary male chivalry Women court minstrels Romantic love faithful worshipping afar unavailable classes marriage another Western Civilization

5. liturgy Gregory Greek Hebrew Syrian monophonic Plainchant Plainsong rhythm meter speech 3000

6. conjunct Romanesque oral Neumes staff notes Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic tonic modal tonal

7. sacrifice dismissed Proper Ordinary section Catholic

8. Gradual steps Psalms melismatic Responsorial Monophonic melismatic call response conjunct narrow motives

9. Polyphony Romanesque melodies meter notation Notaton oral composed composers Gothic organs choir polyphony second parallel contrary

10. Composer year chants lower long Unrecognizable structural mode fixed Repeated varied

11. Leonin texts voice word Melismatic organum substituted clausulae structural countermelodies different Plainchant active hold plainchant ostinato

12. Trinity hollow Complexity 20th motets liturgical Latin sacred moral complex chordal syllabically composed cantus firmus

13. intervals Color rhythms Talea modes serial same differing Isorhythmic upper

14. Monastery work fields products Hours Divine Offices prayers Divine Service Jewish monastic sunset bedtime Midnight dawn Prime Terce Sext None

15. God prayers behavior books amen hallelujah cantor erotic Greek common region

16. tithe recluse convent miracles prophecies religious plainchant morality play anima devil faith charity patience chastity victory virtues monophonic Neumatic melismatic nuns priest

17. Latin lewd carpe diem University Entertainers itinerate Jongleurs Jongleuresses professional musicians Troubadours Trouveres Minnesingers entertainment military crusades Courtly love passion courtly lady rank married Virgin Mary

18. Trouvere Instrumental Psaltery Dulcimer Vielle Strophic melody stanza poem treatise Ars nova Ars nova Ars antiqua rhythm meter harmony counterpoint France orders Bohemia France Ordinary

19. Rondeau ABaAabAB AbbaA aabC Refrain

20. improvised jazz haut bas Haut Bas Crumhorn percussion Organs

21. large Improvised notation Chansonnier du Roy couples Monophonic seven refrains Triple asymmetrical improvised Embellishments

22. Five Holy Land Muslims plundered massacred destroyed military Turks Moors Medical scientific numerals Muslim gunpowder moveable type China Spice Route