1. Who were the “midnight judges?”

2. Judiciary Act of 1801 Increased the number of federal judges with life terms. “midnight judges” Adams appoints the federal judges on the last day of his presidency Court Packing Placing judges with the same political beliefs into the newly created positions

3. New Face of the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall He served on the Supreme Court for 34 years

4. Marbury v Madison (1803) Federal judge appointee Marbury asks court Secretary of State Madison to deliver his papers – he does not – case goes to Supreme Court Chief Justice Marshall decides in favor of Madison His decision gives “Unconstitutional” as the reason/explanation This defines the role of the Supreme Court Judicial Review Job Description: Judicial Review

5. Jefferson Stays the Path (1803) Louisiana Purchase The United States double in size France sells the Louisiana Territory to the US for 15 million dollars