1. Lecture 8 All the rivers run to the sea, yet the sea is not full: unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. - Ecclesiastes 1:7 Sedimentary Rocks Webpage for course (daytime) Webpage for course (nighttime)

2. Three types of rocks: - Igneous -Sedimentary - Metamorphic

3. Sedimentary rocks are important because Form and are common at earth’s surface Preserve the history of Life (contain fossils)

4. Sedimentary rocks are important because Form and are common at earth’s surface Preserve the history of Life (contain fossils) Show past environments, climates Provide a geologic record of past history Major sources of energy – oil, gas, coal

5. General History of a Sedimentary Rock WEATHERING TRANSPORTATION DECOMPOSITION DEPOSITION LITHIFICATION

6. Mechanisms of Transportation and Deposition Water - streams, rivers, etc., freshwater and marine Wind Gravity – downslope movement Ice – glaciers Some sedimentary rocks form of atoms dissolved in water and precipitated elsewhere

7. Classification of sedimentary rocks Clastic (Detrital in your book) Nonclastic

8. Example, coal

9. Nonclastic Another example, rock salt

10. Clastic Classification depends on grain size Size (mm)particle name >256 64-256 4-64 2-4.0625-2.0039-.0625 <0.0039

11. Clastic Classification depends on grain size Size (mm)particle namerock name >256 boulder 64-256cobble 4-64pebble 2-4granule.0625-2sand.0039-.0625silt <0.0039clay

12. Clastic Classification depends on grain size Size (mm)particle namerock name >256 boulder 64-256cobble 4-64pebble 2-4granule.0625-2sandsandstone.0039-.0625silt <0.0039clay

13. Clastic Classification depends on grain size Size (mm)particle namerock name >256 boulder 64-256cobbleconglomerate 4-64pebbleor breccia 2-4granule.0625-2sandsandstone.0039-.0625siltsiltstone <0.0039clayshale

15. Why the distinction conglomerate and breccia?

16. Conglomerate means slow, breccia means sudden

17. Nonclastic Chemical Biogenic Coal Coquina Chalk Diatomite

20. Diatoms

21. Nonclastic Chemical Rock Salt Chert Limestone Dolomite Biogenic Coal Coquina Chalk Diatomite

23. Coal as Energy