1. Nature of Energy Energy is all around you.
• You hear energy as sound, you see energy
as light, you can feel energy in wind.
• Living organisms need energy for growth
and movement.
• You use energy when you hit a tennis ball,
compress a spring, or lift a grocery bag.
• Energy is the ability to do WORK!

2. ENERGY
• The energy released by a supernova is capable of destroying a nearby solar system in just a few hours.
A supernova is one of the greatest concentrations of energy in the universe.

3. States of Energy There are two states of energy: Potential (stored)
Kinetic (moving)

4. Potential Energy • Stored energy – energy of position.
• Not always mechanical energy – can be other forms.
• Gravitational Potential energy – dependent on height and weight.
• GPE = Weight x Height
• Units – Newton*meter

5. Kinetic Energy • The energy of motion.
• The faster the object moves – the more kinetic energy.
• Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity.
• KE = ½(mass x velocity2)
• Kg m2/s2 =Newton*meter= Joules
What is the kinetic energy of a 45 kg object moving at 13 m/sec?
KE = 1/2 mv2 KE = 1/2 (45 kg)(13 m/sec)2
Solving the equation gives a kinetic energy value of J

6. Practice Problems
A 6 kg rock is thrown with a velocity of 10 m/sec.  What is the kinetic energy of the rock?
A ball has 475 J of energy while in motion.  If the ball is moving at 30 m/sec, what is the mass of the ball?
A 1.8 kg cat climbs upwards 12 meters to sit on the roof of a house.  How much potential energy does it possess while it sits enjoying the sunshine?
A boulder has 5000 J of potential energy while sitting on top of a cliff.  If the cliff is 250 m above the ground, what is the weight of the boulder?
The boulder in problem 4 slides off the cliff, but lands on a ledge 50 feet below.  What is potential energy of the boulder now?

7. Forms of Energy • Energy appears in many forms.
There are several main forms of energy.
• Mechanical
• Heat
• Chemical
• Electromagnetic
• Nuclear
Sound
Light

8. Mechanical Energy Energy of motion. Examples: • Water in a waterfall
• Wind
• Moving vehicles
• Sound
• Blood traveling through your body

9. Heat Energy • The internal motion of atoms.
• The faster the molecules move, the
more heat energy is produced.
Examples:
Changes in state of matter
Friction

10. Chemical Energy
• Energy that exists in the bonds that hold atoms together.
• When bonds are broken, chemical energy is released.
Examples:
• Digesting food…bonds are broken to release energy for your body to store and use.
• Sports… your body uses energy stored in your muscles obtained from food.
• Fire–a chemical change.
Sodium metal reacts with water.

11. Electromagnetic Energy
Moving electric charges.
Examples:
• Power lines carry electricity
• Electric motors are driven by electromagnetic energy
The magnets are strong enough to bear each other's weight when opposite poles are touching
The magnets can push each other along without touching, again when like poles are together

12. Nuclear Energy • When the nucleus of an atom splits, nuclear
energy is released.
• Nuclear energy is the most concentrated
form of energy.
• Fission/fusion

13. Light Energy
• Light is this form of energy (X-rays, radio waves, laser light etc.)

14. Sound Energy
sound waves can travel through different mediums, including solids, liquids, and gases
Sound energy relates to the compression and movement of molecules in a substance
sound waves travel in a given direction until an outside force or object gets in the way of its motion and reflects it

15. Energy Conversions • The most common energy conversion
involves the changing of potential energy
into kinetic energy or vice-versa.
Examples:
Ball thrown in the air
Roller coaster

16. More Conversions
• All forms of energy can be converted to other forms.
• Law of Conservation of Energy:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• Einstein – If matter is destroyed, energy is created,
if energy is destroyed, matter is created.
The total amount of mass and energy is conserved.

17. Questions • What is energy? • Can energy be transferred
from one object to another?
• What are the different forms
of energy?