1. Chapter 26: World War II
26.1: Paths to War

2. The Road to War
Japan
Invaded Chinese territory of Manchuria to build an empire and gain raw materials
Japan withdrew from League of Nations
1937, Japan expanded further into China into Nanjing
Brutal invasion – 250,000 Chinese killed

3. Japan moves to Southeast Asia for natural resources
US threatens to apply economic sanctions (restrictions intended to enforce international law) if Japan didn’t leave SE Asia
Japan launches surprise attack on US and European colonies in SE Asia

4. Italy Attacked Ethiopia to expand and gain natural resources
Italians win with superior military technology
League of Nations agreed to stop the sale of weapons to Italy, but not all members abided

5. Germany
Expansion driven by Hitler’s desire to build a Third Reich, restore national pride, establish Aryan race
Aggression
Hitler rebuilds German Army
1936, Germans move into the Rhineland (Germany’s border with France)
1938, Hitler takes over Austria and the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia)
Violations of Treaty of Versailles! League of Nations too weak!

6. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Munich Conference, 1938
Western democracies adopted policy of Appeasement
Nations gave into aggressive demands to maintain peace
Hitler continues expansion; takes over all of Czechoslovakia
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Agreement between Hitler and Stalin to not attack each other

7. War Begins Hitler’s invasion of Poland, September 1, 1939 Alliances
Poland – no natural barriers for protection
Leads Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany
Germany uses Blitzkrieg – lightning warfare
(300 tanks and supplies), airplanes
Alliances
Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers – Great Britain, France (Soviet Union, China, US)

8. 26.2
The Course of WWII

9. Europe at War Hitler’s Early Victories
April 1940 – Nazis overrun Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium
June, 1940 – Nazis invade France
French government forced into exile
Germans occupy ¾ of France, including Paris

11. Turning Points Entry of the United States (1941)
US declared neutrality, but supplied arms, food, ships to the Allies
To combat Japanese aggression, the US banned the sale of war materials to the Japanese
Angered by this, Japan launched a surprise attack on American military bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th, 1941.
2,400 people were killed, many ships and planes destroyed
US declares war on Japan; this gives Allies added strength

12. Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)
Germans invade the Soviet Union in 1941, and Hitler wants to takeover Stalingrad, an industrial center.
Russians counter-attack; troops and a freezing winter cause Germans to surrender.
The Red Army (Soviets) advance toward Germany
This World War II cartoon is showing the relationship between climate and the
a. inability of Nazi forces to defeat the Soviet Union
b. success of Allied troops after D-day
c. efforts by Allied troops to control Berlin
d. casualties suffered by the Soviet Union

13. Invasion of Normandy Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, aka D-Day
Allied troops were ferried across the English Channel, landing on the beaches of Normandy
They broke through German defenses and freed Paris from German control
Allies move from France into Germany, meeting up with the Soviets (two-front war for Germans)

14. The War Ends The Yalta Conference
February 1945, Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill
Division of Germany – British, French, American, Soviet forces would control a zone of Germany
Agreed that Stalin would oversee the creation of new governments in Eastern Europe
War in Europe ends with Germans’ surrender on May 7th, 1945

16. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Japanese refused to surrender, despite American bombings of Japanese cities
On August 6th, 1945, Americans drop an atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima. It flattened 4 square miles and killed 70,000 people
A few days later, another a-bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing 40,000
War in Pacific ends with Japanese surrender on August 10th, 1945

17. The Holocaust and Other Wartime Atrocities
26.3
The Holocaust and Other Wartime Atrocities

18. The Holocaust Hitler’s Final Solution
Plan to commit genocide (attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group) against the Jews throughout Nazi-Europe
First, Hitler limited rights of and encouraged violence against Jews
November 8, 1938
“Night of broken glass” – Jewish synagogues, businesses, cemeteries, schools and homes destroyed
Day after, 30,000 Jews arrested for being Jewish and more restrictive laws enforced

19. 6 million Jews die; starved, shot, gassed to death
Then, Hitler forced Jews into ghettos and transported them to over 300 concentration camps or death camps
Auschwitz
6 million Jews die; starved, shot, gassed to death

20. Auschwitz

21. Bataan Death March
In the Philippines, Japanese soldiers forced American and Filipino prisoners of war to march up the Bataan Peninsula.
65 miles
Survivors were brought to concentration camps

22. Nanjing Massacre 1937, Japan’s brutal invasion of China
300,000 Chinese killed
*All of these events are
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS!

23. Home Front and Aftermath
26.4
Home Front and Aftermath

24. Total War Democratic governments increase power Women enter workforce
Order military and industrial mobilization
Women enter workforce
Help produce planes, ships, ammunition
Drove trucks and ambulances, decoded messages, served as nurses
Bombing increases
Many civilians killed

25. Impact of WWII 75 million people dead
Aerial bombardment left cities in ruins
War Crime Trials/Nuremberg Trials
Nuremberg, Germany
22 Nazis tried for “crimes against humanity”
Some imprisoned, some given death penalty
Leaders held accountable for actions during wartime

26. Coventry, England
Nuremberg Trials
Dresden, Germany
Hiroshima, Japan

27. Occupied Nations Western nations occupied West Germany and Japan
To avoid future war and built new gov’ts with democratic constitutions
Soviet forces occupied East Germany and most of eastern Europe
Established communist gov’ts
Europe divided – democracy in the west and communism in the east  Cold War!

29. The United Nations
Created in 1945; A place to discuss world problems and develop solutions
2 Main bodies:
General Assembly
Includes representatives from all member nations; each has one vote
Security Council
15 member nations; 5 which are permanent – US, Russia, France, Great Britain, China

30. Self-determination European colonialism declines throughout the world
Rise of independent nations in Asia and Africa

31. Compare/Contrast Essay
Using the chart, write a well-developed Essay comparing and contrasting WWI and WWII
Compare: means to analyze the similarities
Contrast: means to analyze the difference
You are to choose four categories from the chart and analyze where both Wars are similar and different in those categories
Example
Category:
Outcome
Compare:
Both Wars required an outcome of a peace keeping organization
Contrast:
Successful vs. Unsuccessful
League of nations VS. United Nations

32. Things To Remember Essay should be 6 paragraphs
Intro and conclusion should be more than 2 sentences
Label everything for the reader
Categories
Where you compare
Where you contrast
Labeling should be done NEATLY in the margin
Not last minute
You may type this essay
You must study this essay
Essay will count as a quiz