2. Bell-Ringer
What are organelles? a) parts of cells which help it divide b) substances which perform specific tasks for the cell c) parts of all cells which help the cell move through different environments d) substances which provide the cell with the energy needed to run life processes

3. 2) The cell to the right
is a... a) bacteria cell b) prokaryote c) monokaryote d) eukaryote
3) We know the answer to #2 because... a) The cell has a membrane-bound nucleus b) The cell has clearly defined organelles c) The cell has ribosomes in the cytoplasm d) The cell has a plasma membrane

4. 4) The best reason to explain why cells are so small is
4) The best reason to explain why cells are so small is... a) being small allows them to maximize their chemical reactions b) being small makes it easier to move materials in and out of the cell c) being small makes it harder for a cell to loose the organelles inside it d) being small gives the cell the ability to thrive in a variety of environments.

5. Organelles -part 1-

6. Cell Membrane
The cell membrane (and the membranes covering some organelles) are made of phospholipids.

7. Cell Membrane Phospholipids have two distinct parts:
A hydrophilic (water-loving) head
A hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail

8. Cell Membrane
The lipids line up so that their polar heads point outward toward water and their tails point inward, away from water.

9. Cell Membrane
Embedded within the plasma membrane are various types of proteins.

10. Cell Membrane These proteins perform specific tasks, such as:
Helping transport substances across the membrane
Signaling other cells

11. Cell Membrane
Scientists describe a cell’s plasma membrane as being a “fluid mosaic.”
This means that the cell membrane acts more like a fluid than a solid.

12. Cell Membrane
Members of the membrane can move around each other – the pattern of lipids and proteins in the membrane is constantly changing.
Example: The cell membrane is a lot like a layer of oil in a beaker of water.

13. Play-Doh Create a cell (flat circle)
Make a few phospholipids to represent the cell membrane and put them in the correct place.

14. Nucleus
Most of the functions of eukaryotic cells are controlled by the nucleus.
The nucleus houses and protects the cell’s genetic information – its DNA.

15. Nucleus
The nucleus houses and protects the cell’s genetic information – its DNA.
The nucleus is often found near the center of the cell.

16. Nucleus
When a cell is not dividing, the DNA in the nucleus is found in the form of chromatin (stringy, thread-like DNA).
When a cell is dividing, the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.

17. Nucleus
The nucleus is covered by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
There are tiny holes in the envelope, nuclear pores, which allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus.

18. Play-Doh Create a nucleus. Make sure it contains:
Chromatin
Nuclear Pores
Place it in your cell

19. Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the power-house of the cell.

20. Mitochondria
It is responsible for transferring energy from organic molecules to ATP.
ATP is the energy source that power’s all of the cell’s chemical reactions. 

21. Mitochondria
Because the mitochondria supply energy, highly active cells (like muscle cells) have a high number of mitochondria.

22. Play-Doh
Create a mitochondria.
Place it in your cell

23. Ribosomes

24. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are small, spherical objects that are responsible for building proteins.
Ribosomes build proteins by attaching amino acids together.

25. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are one of a few organelles that are not surrounded by a membrane.
Ribosomes are found in two places:
Floating freely in the cytoplasm
Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

26. Play-Doh Create some ribosomes.
Float them freely in your cell’s cytoplasm.

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two different types of Endoplasmic Reticulum: 1) Rough ER 2) Smooth ER

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) functions as a cellular pathway.
It helps transport molecules from one part of the cell to another.

29. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Rough ER is covered in ribosomes.
It is responsible for transporting materials, as well as producing phospholipids and proteins.

30. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Some ribosomes on the rough ER make digestive enzymes to help break down food.

31. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes.
Besides transporting materials, it is also responsible for creating numerous products:
Cholesterol
Estrogen / Testosterone

32. Play-Doh Create two ER’s. Place them inside your cell.
Rough ER with ribosomes
Smooth ER without ribosomes
Place them inside your cell.

34. Exit Slip
If you were to remove all the ribosomes from a cell, the cell would also not have... a) DNA b) Nucleic Acids c) Proteins d) Lipids
What biological compound is closely related to the mitochondria? a) Proteins b) ATP c) DNA d) Carbohydrates

35. 3) Which answer below is the Endoplasmic Reticulum most like
3) Which answer below is the Endoplasmic Reticulum most like... a) a power plant – providing energy b) a brain – the control center c) a factory – making products d) a highway – transporting materials
4) What words best describe the plasma membrane? a) stiff conglomerate b) fluid mosaic c) liquid smooth d) strong mixture