1. GLOBAL WARMING INTELLIGENT DESIGN THE AXIS OF EVIL AND THE FUTURE RELEVANCE AND IMPACT OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARY James G. Neal Columbia University Digital Library Seminar Series 15 December 2006

2. 2 THE SHIFTING VALUES OF THE LIBRARY Customization Openness Self Service Mutability Productivity Usability

3. 3 THE SHIFTING VALUES OF THE LIBRARY Assessment Marketing Strategic Action Business Plan Competition Resource Development

4. 4 CORE LIBRARY SERVICES TO USERS Information Acquisition Information Synthesis Information Navigation Information Dissemination Information Interpretation Information Understanding Information Archiving

5. 5 CHANGING LIBRARY ROLES Libraries as Consumers Libraries as Intermediaries and Aggregators Libraries as Publishers Libraries as Educators Libraries as R&D Organizations Libraries as Entrepreneurs Libraries as Policy Advocates

6. 6 CURRENT SCHIZOPHRENIC CONDITIONS Physical versus Virtual Print versus Electronic Ownership versus Lease Educate versus Deliver Stable versus Dynamic Content versus Functionality General versus Specialized Monopoly versus Vulnerability Binary versus Ambiguity

7. 7 THE SHIFTING VISION OF THE LIBRARY Legacy Infrastructure Repository Portal Enterprise

8. 8 GLOBAL WARMING Impact of Human Activity or Natural Climate Variation The library is experiencing broad climatic changes that will threaten the professional species and upset the order of roles and responsibilities.

9. 9 ADVANCING THE OPEN REVOLUTION Open Source Open Standards Open Archives Open Design Open Linking Open Courseware Open Knowledge Open Access

10. 10 LESSIG Constraints On Open Access To Information Market Law Norms Technology INFORMATION

11. 11 TRANSFORMING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION The Urge to Publish Crisis in Scholarly Publishing Roots of Dysfunction Electronic Strategies New Economics/Competition Quality Assurance Permanent Archiving

12. 12 ACADEMIC LIBRARIES CORE INTERESTS Competitive Market Easy Distribution and Reuse Innovation Applications of Technology Quality Assurance Permanent Archiving

13. 13 DISCUSSIONS WITH COLUMBIA FACULTY Scholarly Publishing Issues Now Being Discussed in Disciplines Concern About Future of Scholarly Monograph Role of Subventions and Subsidies for Publication Market Impact on Research Topics and Treatments Migration or Coexistence of Print and Electronic Importance of Electronic Access to Historical Literature Role of Google/Search Engines

14. 14 DISCUSSIONS WITH COLUMBIA FACULTY Critical Importance of Linking/Browsability Role of Pre-Print and Disciplinary Repositories Role of Conference Proceedings/Grey Literature Concern About Open Access Models Fundamental Importance of Peer Review/Impact Assessment Concern About Long-Term Archiving Faculty Retention of Copyright

15. 15 HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE? Have publication prices gone down? Why? Are research results circulating more quickly? How? Are institutions or individuals asserting some control over their intellectual property? Has academic publisher consolidation been reduced? Have SPARC publishing partnerships been more additive than competitive? Are researchers/academic administrators talking more about scholarly publishing issues?

16. 16 HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE? Is open access truly an alternative to publisher-based scholarly publishing? In the absence of a coordinated plan for archiving of digital publications, will open access models survive? Can peer-review and open access models come together? Are editorial boards willing and able to break away from commercial publishers? Will scholarly communication be embraced as an important public policy issue? Will fair use survive the legislative battles?

17. 17 BUILDING THE DIGITAL LIBRARY QUALITY = CONTENT + FUNCTIONALITY Published/Licensed Content Primary Content Open Web Content Institutional Content Multimedia Content Integrated Services Software Tools

18. 18 ADVANCING THE DIGITAL LIBRARY Leveraging the Content Reshaping the Organizational Culture Building the Infrastructure Setting the Direction Then Just Doing It

19. 19 ADVANCING THE REPOSITORY MOVEMENT Discipline Repositories Institutional Repositories Consortium Repositories Departmental/School Repositories Individual Repositories National Repositories Referatories/Virtual Repositories

20. 20 SUPPORTING THE COURSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Content Creation Storage and Management Search and Query Techniques Distribution and Access Rights Management

21. 21 PARTICIPATING IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ACADEMY Leveraging Assets New Customers/Markets Financial Mandate Competitive Mandate Prestige Mandate Development and Risk Capital Business Planning Cultural Firewalls

22. 22 ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVES OBJECTIVES Leverage library and information services assets to produce new income in support of local needs. Build upon experience producing new income through strategies like publishing program, software development, network services and duplication services. Learn through entrepreneurial and innovative activities and apply these lessons to library and information services. Secure expanded visibility in the national library and information technology communities and at local level.

23. 23 MARKETING THE LIBRARY Match Capabilities of an Organization with Needs and Wants of Communities Served Existing Products to Existing Markets MARKET PENETRATION Existing Products to New Markets MARKET EXTENSION New Products for Existing Markets PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT New Products for New Markets DIVERSIFICATION

24. 24 RESPONDING TO USER EXPECTATIONS Content Access Convenience New Capabilities Cost Reduction Individual Productivity Organizational Productivity Individual Control

25. 25 INTELLIGENT DESIGN Evolution by Natural Selection or Supernatural Intervention in the Origin of Life The library is confronted by new theologies of values and meaning that seek to explain our roots and to redefine our futures.

26. 26 BUILDING THE NETWORK Connectivity Reliability Capacity Performance Security New Applications

27. 27 PARTICIPATING IN ENTERPRISE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Business Reengineering Productivity Mandate Integration Distribution Customization Open Source

28. 28 MANAGING IDENTITY AND SECURITY Intensity Of Threat Network Efficiency System Operations Data Integrity And Protection Identity Theft

29. 29 ORGANIZING DISASTER PREPARATION AND CONTINUITY Business Continuity Business Recovery Redundancy Policy And Process Responsibility Records Management

30. 30 Accessibility Availability Immediacy Searchability Currency Researchability Dynamism/Fluidity Interdisciplinary Collaboration Multimedia Linkability Interactive Procedural Spatial Encyclopedic MINING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL INFORMATION

31. 31 BUILDING CONTENT MANAGEMENT PORTALS Content Types Content Delivery Metadata Content Workflow Extensibility Portal As Integrator Portal As Real-time Process

32. 32 ENHANCING THE FACULTY EXPERIENCE Personal Advancement/Recognition Contributions to Scholarly Literature High Quality Instructional Experiences Successful Students Work on Innovative Projects Collaboration with Interesting Colleagues Financial Compensation Remuneration for Own Work Excellent Laboratory, Library and Technology Support Opportunities to Experiment with Technology

33. 33 THE LIBRARIAN IN THE ACADEMY FACULTY RELATIONS Servant Stranger Parallel Friend Partner Customer Team

34. 34 SUPPORTING THE NEEDS OF BIG SCIENCE Massive Data Unstructured Data Extraction Visualization Simulation

35. 35 ENRICHING RESEARCH THROUGH TEXT MINING Extract Words Or Phrases Establish Meanings And Patterns Linking Of Objects Open Text Mining Interface Publisher Business Model

36. 36 ENHANCING THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE Technology Ubiquity Web-based Services Technology Sandbox Privacy Space Support Services Information Fluency Post-graduate Access

37. 37 ENABLING/INTEGRATING WEB 2.0 AND 3.0 Social Networking Collective Intelligence RSS – Incremental Web Software As Service/Not Product Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems

38. 38 RETHINKING LIBRARY SPACE PLANNING AND IDENTITY Trompe L’oeil Library Library Use Trends Technology as Catalyst Learning Space Social Space Collaborative Space Flexibility And Adaptability

39. 39 PREPARING FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND ASSESSMENT Institutional Expectations Government/Funder Mandate Measures of User Satisfaction Measures of Market Penetration Measures of Success Measures of Impact Measures of Cost Effectiveness System Design for Usability

40. 40 DEVELOPING NEW RESOURCES Success ≠ Resource Allocation Success = Resource Attraction Fundraising Research Grants Technology Transfer Lease of Space Sale of Products Sale of Services Recoverables/Fees Co-Investment

41. 41 PROMOTING COOPERATION Library Systems Local and Regional Cooperation State Projects Multi-State Projects National Consortia/Projects International Partnerships Researcher Collaboration Publisher Collaboration Collaboration with Technology Organizations Corporate Partnerships Business Partnerships

42. 42 SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIPS THE COLLABORATION ADVANTAGE Individual Excellence Importance Interdependence Investment Information Sharing Integration Institutionalization Integrity

43. 43 AXIS OF EVIL Menacing Regimes That Sponsor Terror or Right-Wing Political Strategy to Demonize Critics The library is threatened by an axis of evil public policy initiatives that undermine our ability to serve the learning and scholarly communities.

44. 44 ESTABLISHING STANDARDS Role of Standards Standards Community Standards Leadership Incubation Strategies Development and Deployment Strategies Standards Maintenance/Certification Standards-Lite Needs

45. 45 ASSESSING CAREFULLY ROLE OF SEARCH ENGINE LIBRARIES Google Print/Google Library Yahoo Open Content Alliance Library Participation Library Impact/Anxiety Copyright Challenge Future Initiatives

46. 46 SUPPORTING GLOBALIZATION GOALS OF UNIVERSITY International Collections International Students/Researchers Faculty Research Collaboration Challenges Of Language Challenges Of Standards Challenges Of Law Challenges Of Culture

47. 47 DEVELOPING THE WORKFORCE Recruitment Strategies Role of Professional Education Employment Strategies Development Strategies Retention Strategies Feral Professionals/Socialization Issues

48. 48 FERAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY Librarians With Diverse Academic Credentials Wide Range of New Professional Assignments Professional Roles of Support Staff and Students Impact on Values, Outlooks, Styles, Expectations Impact on Community Understanding, Recognition, Respect Impact on Organizational Relevance and Impact

49. 49 PRESERVING AND ARCHIVING THE CONTENT Archive as RepositoryHOLD Archive as PersistenceACCESS Archive as CurationSECURE Archive as Steward CARE Analog Digital Conversion Born Digital Disaster Preparedness

50. 50 ESTABLISHING A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA Creation of New Knowledge Laboratory for Experimentation Magnet for New Skills Potential for Capitalization/Tech Transfer Support for Decision Making Organizational Risk Taking Federal, Foundation and Corporate Investment

51. 51 ADVOCATING THE INFORMATION POLICY AGENDA Intellectual Freedom Privacy Civil Liberties Education Programs Research Programs Internet Development Telecommunications Government Information Appropriations Workforce Policy

52. 52 FIGHTING THE COPYRIGHT WARS International Agreements New Laws and Legislation Court Cases Trade Agreements Licensing Use Guidelines Digital Rights Management Ownership of Copyright

53. 53 POLITICAL ADVOCACY THE HIGHER EDUCATION ROLE Knowledgeable Resources for the Community Political and Legislative Advocates for Community Interests Educators of Community on Priority Issues Documenters of Impact of Legislative Actions Promoters of Campus and Community Coalitions Enablers of Successful Models Which Support Political Agenda

54. 54 BUILDING NEW ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS Conventional Administrative Hierarchy and Academic Governancy/Bureaucracy Centralized Planning and Resource Allocation Systems and Loosely Coupled Academic Structures and Maverick Units and Entrepreneurial Enterprises

55. 55 WHAT IS ORGANIZATION? Individuals and groups carrying out roles and working together to achieve shared objectives within a formal social and political structure and with established policies and processes… –goals and priorities are established –decisions are made –resources are allocated –power is wielded –plans are accomplished

56. 56 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES “The Current Lie” Determine the degree to which: –administrative responsibility and authority are distributed and shared –operations and procedures are integrated and flexible –policies and norms are designed and enforced –fluidity and vitality contribute to productivity and success

57. 57 SCHIZOPHRENIC ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS IN HIGHER EDUCATION Conventional Administrative Hierarchy and Academic Governancy/Bureaucracy Centralized Planning and Resource Allocation Systems and Loosely Coupled Academic Structures and Maverick Units and Entrepreneurial Enterprises

58. 58 RANGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Centralization and Decentralization Hierarchy and Distribution Bureaucracy and Adhocracy Simplicity and Complexity Formality and Informality Administration and Entrepreneurship Authority and Collaboration

59. 59 DIFFERENCES IN ORGANIZATION PROCESS AND CHARACTER Cultural Traditions Leadership and Power Strategy and Planning Communication and Collaboration Budgeting and Resource Allocation Assessment

60. 60 PLANNING AND TRANSFORMATION Too much planning and too little strategic thinking. Existing structures and processes built for slower pace of change. Academic program planning not linked to institutional strategic planning. Resource allocations not linked to strategies. Planning cycles expenditure-based rather than strategic.

61. 61 THE PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE IN LIBRARIES Entrepreneurship Defensive Diversification Receivership Doing Less with Less Expense Reductions Doing More with Less Structural Change Repositioning

62. 62 THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARY AREAS OF STRATEGIC FOCUS Distributed Electronic Access to Content, Tools and Services High Quality Physical Spaces High Quality Electronic Spaces Special and Distinctive Collections Archiving of Digital and Analog Content Global Collections

63. 63 THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARY AREAS OF STRATEGIC FOCUS Innovative Applications of Technology in Support of Learning and Research High Quality Technology Infrastructure Staff Development and Professional Engagement Leadership in Information Policy Integration into the Academic Fabric of the University New Knowledge Driven by Research and Development

64. 64 HOW DO WE FEEL? Anxious - an abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear Disrupted - interruption of normal course or unity, thrown into disorder Chaotic - state of utter confusion, unpredictability in the behavior of complex systems “Our age of anxiety is, in great part, the result of trying to do today’s jobs with yesterday’s tools.” Marshall McCluhan “One of the litmus tests is that a disruptive technology enables a larger population of less skilled people to do things that historically only an expert could.” Clayton Christensen The Innovator’s Dilemma “Chaos often breeds life, when order breeds habit.” Education of Henry Adams

65. 65 FUTURE LIBRARIAN Clear Sense of Mission Self Vision Base of Knowledge Strategic Positioning Continuous Improvement