1. From the Napoleonic Era to 1871
German Unification
From the Napoleonic Era to 1871

2. Chapter 22: Section 2 Goals
Identify major events in Germany’s unification
Describe the system of government of the German Empire

3. Background: Liberalism and Nationalism
The French Revolution causes the ideals of liberalism and nationalism to spread
Liberty, equality, fraternity
Classical Liberalism
Man has inalienable rights (U.S. Declaration of Independence.) Freedom of movement, association, minimal government, could develop himself to the fullest
Social Contract: Sovereignty resided in the people and rulers had to respect that.

4. *French Revolution and Nationalism
A nation of equal citizens
Secular state recognizing no higher authority
Citizen enjoyed certain rights but also had to give to the state (his life included)

5. Define the Following in detail in your notes
Look up the following event, person, or concept and write a brief summary of why it is important to German Unification: Include important dates when applicable
Battle of Jena
Stein-Hardenberg Reforms
Congress of Vienna
Carlsbad Decrees
Hambach Festival
Pan-Germanism
Zollverein
Frankfurt Parliament
Erfurt Union
Kleindeutschland-Grossdeutschland
Otto Von Bismarck
The Danish War
The Seven Weeks’ War

6. Goal 1: Major Events *Napoleonic Wars
War with large parts of Germany by
Western Germany conquered
112 German states disappeared
Ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism forced on Germany
*1806 Confederation of the Rhine created by Napoleon
Holy Roman Empire eliminated.
15,000,000 subjects
Counter to Prussian and Austrian Power

7. *Goal 1. Confederation of the Rhine
Prussia
France----
Austrian Empire
How would the geographic position of the Confederation aid France?

8. Goal 1. Confederation challenges Prussia
*Battle of Jena
1806 Battle of Jena: Prussia defeated
Treaty of Tilsit
Massive payments to be made to France (reparations)
Reform necessary to pay it

9. Results: *Stein-Hardenberg Reforms goal1
Uniform tax systems
Efficient Government stressed (bureaucracy developed)
Education reforms encouraging the teaching of history and language
Power of nobility curtailed but land left in their hands
Serfs freed to encourage agricultural growth and land- ownership
Guilds power broken and industrial competition encouraged
*Military reform was geared toward war with France.
Conscription
3 years with line regiment
2 years reserve
7 years landwehr
Promotion on merit not birth

10. What does this painting tell us?
The military was held in the highest esteem in Prussia following the Napoleonic wars and Wars of Unification!

11. Goal 1: Congress of Vienna
As a result of Stein-Hardenberg, Prussian forces helped defeat Napoleon
1815 Congress of Vienna
Confederation of the Rhine becomes the German Confederation
Prussia most powerful N. German state
Rival is Austria
German Nationalism strongest in the North (Why?)
Austria was divided among several nationalities
39 independent states still exist

12. *Pan-Germanism
Idea of a peaceful unification of all German-speaking areas including Austria
Grossdeutschland (Large Germany)
*May 1832 Hambach Festival
30,000 attend to hear speeches about unification and democracy. First time in GER.
Brothers Grimm!

13. Hambach

14. Goal 1: Zollverein: Analyze this!

15. *Zollverein (1834) Tariffs: tax on imported goods Hurt sales (How?)
gradually German states end tariffs and form Customs Union
Lower-uniform prices
Standardized weights and measures
Increased Industrialization
How did Stein-Hardenberg make this last bullet possible?

16. Goal 1: Technology, Finance, and Unification
Railroads:
1835 (3.5 miles of track)
1848 (3,000 miles of track)
1855 (8,500 miles of track)
1880 (1880, 9,400 locomotives pulling 43,000 passengers and 30,000 tons of freight
Telegraph
Stock Companies

17. Industrial Growth Coal Iron Steel Chemicals
Description of Krupp Industries: 1900;
“A great city with its own streets, its own police force, fire department and traffic laws. There are 150 kilometers of rail, 60 different factory buildings, 8,500 machine tools, seven electrical stations, 140 kilometers of underground cable and 46 overhead."
Population of Berlin (1907) doubles from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 in 30 years!!!!

18. *1848 Revolutions (Wanted unification and Parliament) Confederation Dissolved
Democratic and Nationalistic
Middle class and Working Class led
Elected National Assembly in Frankfurt attempts to unify Germany
Constitution: Kleindeutschland model
Failure due to….
Rivalry between Pr. And Aus.
Middle class and Working Class Rivalry

19. Erfurt Union (1849)
Prussian attempts to form a union with German states excluding Austria
Prussia humiliated by Austria
Adds to Prussia’s desire to eliminate Austrian influence

20. Prussian Government before Unification
Frederick Wilhelm issued Prussia's first constitution in (Goal 1)
two-house parliament.
lower house (Landtag) elected by all taxpayers
divided into three classes -votes were weighted according to the amount of taxes paid.
Women and those who paid no taxes had no vote.,
The Upper House: Herrenhaus ("House of Lords") appointed by the king. He retained full executive authority and ministers were responsible only to him.
the landowning classes, the Junkers, remained powerful

22. Otto Von Bismarck
"The great questions of the time will not be resolved by speeches and majority decisions—that was the great mistake of and 1849—but by iron and blood."

23. Bismarck and Wilhelm I
Prussian military reforms create a powerful force
Railroads
New artillery
Other Weapons
Long service and large reserves
Telegraph
Bismarck named chancellor 1862
Dryse Needle Gun

24. Uniforms of the Day
Color Print
Actual Photo

25. Bismarck’s Goals
limit democracy
Unify Germany under Prussian leadership
Destroy Austrian power
Believed foreign policy could unify the people or at least distract them from dissent

26. Three wars of unification
Danish War: 1864
Austria and Prussia take Schleswig- Holstein
Seven Weeks War(1866)
Treaty of Prague ends Austrian domination of Germany

27. What is going on here?
Hint: What other traditional enemy of Austria might gain from her loss in the 7 Weeks War?
Italy! The Lion of St. Mark is the symbol of Venice

28. Franco-Prussian War
1870 Spain seeks a new King related to the Prussian Royal family
France protests
Bismarck edits the Ems dispatch and War is declared by France
Major French defeats at Metz and Sedan, Paris surrounded
Reparations to be paid to Germany
Alsace-Lorraine lost
Large indemnity (5 billion gold francs in 5 years
Pays for further growth of railroads, etc…. In Germany

29. What is happening Here?

30. January 1871 German Empire Declared

31. January 18th 1871 German Empire Declared
Analyze this…. Look closely!