1. CHAPTER 16 Section 2:The Unification of German Objectives: Identify the major events in Germany’s unification. Describe the system of government of the German Empire. Nationalism in Europe

2. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________ State that led the unification process ___________________ Means by which unification was achieved Acquisition of land in unification process Major factors leading to unification Ch 16.2 Bell Ringer: What are some important facts about the unification of Germany?

3. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany … a patchwork of independent states ~ each with its own laws, currency, and rulers.

4. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Prussia had become strong in the 1700s…

5. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany

6. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The Prussians found ways around Napoleon’s restrictions …

7. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany

8. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany 1866

9. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Within the Austrian Empire boundaries lived Austrian Germans, the Magyars of Hungary, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians (Slavs), Romanians, Serbs, and Croats. Its people practiced the Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Muslim religions. Little other than geography held these groups together.

10. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany

11. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany …the first step toward unification involved the ECONOMY. Junkers ~ aristocratic landowners 1834 – treaties were signed that created … the Zollverein Which German state was NOT INCLUDED?

12. Political Cartoon The Unification of Germany

13. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Politically, however, each state in the German Confederation continued to act independently.

14. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany William I ~ King of PrussiaOtto von Bismarck ~ Chancellor

15. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Bismarck as Minister-President of Prussia …opposed democracy and the idea of a parliament …believed the state – not the people- should hold authority …believed that it was Prussia’s destiny to lead German unification.

16. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The obstacle to Prussia dominating German unification was … AUSTRIA! How would Bismarck take Austria out of the picture? WAR

17. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Bismarck would use THREE WARS to unify the German states. The Danish War The Seven Weeks’ War The Franco-Prussian War

18. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The Danish War-1864 Schleswig Holstein

19. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The Seven Weeks’ War 1866 Treaty of Prague

20. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The Ems Dispatch Original telegram with Bismarck’s “editing”

21. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The Franco-Prussian War 1870-71

22. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The treaty provided that the French province of ALSACE- LORRAINE was to be ceded to the German Empire, and that France was to pay a war INDEMNITY of 5 billion gold francs ($1 billion), submitting to OCCUPATION BY GERMAN TROOPS until the amount was rendered in full. This heavy obligation was discharged in September 1873, and during the same month, after an occupation of ALMOST THREE YEARS, France was at last freed of German soldiers. The TREATY OF FRANKFURT, signed on May 10, 1871, ended the war between France and Germany.

23. Political Cartoon The Unification of Germany

24. Visual Source The Unification of Germany

25. Visual Source The Unification of Germany

26. Political Cartoon The Unification of Germany 1871 Engraved cartoon by Thomas Nast, the most famous political cartoonist of the nineteenth century. Title is "Thrown Completely Into the Shade." The cartoon shows the German Kaiser standing triumphantly in front of a map of France, with a portrait of Napoleon behind him. The Kaiser’s shadow is covering Napoleon, who looks completely defeated.

27. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Formation of the German Empire capital of the Empire would be Berlin King Wilhelm I was proclaimed kaiser Bismarck was named chancellor His nickname became the “Iron Chancellor” Constitution united the 25 German states Federal gov’t controlled national defense, foreign affairs, and commerce

28. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The New German Empire Legislative Branch of the new gov’t –Bundesrat (upper house – appointed members) –Reichstag (lower house – elected legislature) How did this constitution favor Prussia?

29. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany The caption reads: “Bismarck (leading Alsace and Lorraine): Dear Reichstag, we have the two lads back again, but now tell me where and how we should accommodate them!”

30. SECTION 2 The Unification of Germany Prussia Bismark built strong Prussian military machine, defeated Austria and held her hold over Bavaria by fighting 3 successful wars Schleswig, Holstein, the North German Confederation, independent states of southern Germany, Alsace, and Lorraine German nationalism Zollverein Bismark’s Prussian army State within country that led unification process Means by which unification was achieved Acquisition of land in unification process Major factors leading to unification