1. Illustrations of the basic models of the autonomic reactions to threat and anxiety stimuli Terence Palmer PhD palmert55@gmail.com http://www.tjpalmer.org

2. External Stimulus (threat) Sense organs – eyes, ears, touch, taste, smell Conscious appraisal Nervous and endocrine systems By-pass conscious appraisal Unconscious automatic fight or flight reaction Resolution - homeostasis Appropriate and effective response = survival Inappropriate or non- effective response = death

3. Motor system Fear reaction. Fight – Flight - Freeze Homeostasis Hyper vigilance, stress, phobias, somatic symptoms, panic attacks, neurosis External Stimulus (threat) Sense organs – eyes, ears, touch, taste, smell Limbic system Amygdala Reticular activating system – arousal and attention Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary - to the endocrine system Hippocampus – novelty and familiarity Neo cortex – sophisticated cognitive constructs that colour and identify emotions Preconceived ideas

4. Motor system Fear reaction Fight – Flight - Freeze Homeostasis Hyper vigilance, stress, phobias, somatic symptoms, panic attacks, neurosis Limbic system Amygdala Reticular activating system – arousal and attention Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary - to the endocrine system Hippocampus – novelty and familiarity Neo cortex – sophisticated cognitive constructs that colour and identify emotions Preconceived ideas

5. First personSecond person Positive stateGood Negative stateBad

6. First personSecond person Thoughts Feelings Actions, behaviour & projected attitude Thoughts Feelings Actions, behaviour & reciprocated attitude

7. Psychosis Fear Anxiety Panic attacks Phobias Neurosis Dissociative disorders

8. Shamanism Religious Exorcism Animal magnetism Hypnosis Psychoanalysis Cognitive therapy Spiritualism, Spiritism, Christian Science Behaviourism Scientific Enlightenment Pharmacology Mysticism, Christian & Eastern Religious Philosophies The eclectic combination or integration. CBT + meditation = Mindfulness Rational epistemologySpiritual epistemology