1. ICT in Higher Education. A sub-Saharan Africa Prospective Oxford Symposium 2014 Daria Montella

2. Challenges

3. Lack of Awareness and Know-How “Lack of understanding of the benefit, skills and necessary software institutional guidance. For any new technology to succeed, the administration has to be in the forefront to spearhead it”. (Kabugu A., Survey Montella, June 2013)

4. Lack of Infrastructure - Internet “The band width issue should be sorted so the materials can reach the target group. The infrastructure has to be improved”. (Ogola,P. Moran Publishers. Survey Montella, June 2013)

5. Piracy “Fear of piracy also remains a major issue. Not surprisingly, publishers are hesitant to digitalize their books until digital and online content are seen to be secure from piracy and illegal distribution”. (Zell, 2013:2)

6. Lack of Government Funds “ Lack of funds especially because we depend on government funding” (Moran Publishers, educational publisher, Survey Montella, June 2013)

7. “Data protection Bill 2012 is still a stumble block to the safety of the data. The government is still skeptical. An ICT policy does not recognise libraries as the entity that utilise a big chunk of bandwidth and storage in its operations. This has hampered the library e-publishing”. “Both government and institutions of higher learning have made lots of investments in equipment and infrastructure to support ICTs. The government has also adopted policies to enhance development of e-content for primary schools”. (Maua M.,Pwani University, Survey Montella, June 2013) (Kabugu A., University of Niroby Library, Survey Montella, June 2013)

8. Nigeria The Nigerian National Policy of Education Ghana The Ghanaian ICT in Education Policy & The Ghana ICT for Accelerated Development Policy

9. Available technology and projects

10. “ TEEAL database can be accessed all over the campus through the Local Area Network (LAN). To access TEEAL databases installed in the server each computer on campus must be physically configured and TEEAL index installed. The TEEAL Index is currently installed on computers in the school of Agricultural and environmental Sciences and in the students’ computer Labs.” (Maua M.,Pwani University, Survey Montella, June 2013) Awareness about OA and copyright issues Clear institutional policies for OA Coordination among academic libraries Strong institutional infrastructures Adequate funding

12. Mobile phone penetration Ghana E-Learning Africa Report 2014

13. Mobile phone penetration Kenya E-Learning Africa Report 2014

14. Nigeria Mobile phone penetration E-Learning Africa Report 2014

15. “ The possibility to distribute books on mobile devices opens up new and untapped revenue streams for publishers and enables them to monetize content in a dynamic way in a world where the mobile phone has become the most popular digital device.” (Pieter Traut, CEO at CellBook NewswireToday,2009)

17. “It aims to improve the uptake and accessibility of local, contextualized research in Africa by developing strategic partnerships between research institutes and policy-makers, industry and local communities” (UKAid,2013)

19. The East African Marine Systems (TEAMS) 2 Mb/ps = USD 4500 per month Reduced to USD 1000 per month

20. Regional collaborations Cooperation between international and local experts Monitoring and evaluation system Offline materials Workshops & seminars Distance learning programs Updated catalogues Infrastructure issues Recommendations

21. “University presses have to be in the forefront in adopting technology so as to be the shining examples for others”. Petronilla Ogola

22. “Right now the solutions we get are not the solution we are looking for because we need more interactive solution which most service providers are not giving”. Kabugu Aghata

23. “Librarians should also be enlightened that by embracing technology in publishing does not mean the end of print publishing. Print is here to stay but some scientific and technical articles should be published electronically”. Muamua Michael