1. Slavery and Southern Culture – 1800-1860 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TwCtR0IEZ4 PBS Documentary Africans in America Part 4: Judgment Day (2:00-35:00)

2. Africans in America: Judgment Day What was interesting about the ideas and experiences of the people listed below as described in the film? Consider: Pierce Butler, John C. Calhoun, Harriet Jacobs, David Walker, William Lloyd Garrison, Angelina Grimke, Fannie Kemball, Nat Turner Extra Credit HW Opportunity – Deadline one week from today Watch rest of Africans in America: Judgment Day (35:00 – 1:22) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TwCtR0IEZ4 Describe details discussed that were of greatest interest and why in 2 pages or Watch Award winning film 12 Years a Slave (rental available on line) and write a 2 page review describing what film taught you about lives of enslaved people

3. In Class Slavery Primary Source Readings Discussion Questions Read primary sources and be prepared to discuss questions below as well as other aspects of document you find interesting in small groups 12-6: The Bitter Consciousness of Being a Slave What are the psychological impacts of slavery on both an enslaved person and a slave owner as described by Moncure Conway? 12-7: Memories of a Slave Childhood What violent acts are witnessed by the slave child and how might this trauma impact her? 12-11: The Enslavement of Solomon Northup How does Solomon Northup lose his status as a free man? What does his story and the newspaper advertisement reveal about the status of free black in the north?

4. “Cotton is King” of the growing Southern Economy High profits & soil depletion = Desire for expansion west for more cotton production = Need for more slave labor = Slave population growing 27% a decade http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ajn9g5Gsv98&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=13 Crash Course US History on Slavery

5. Expansion of “King Cotton” Pushes Internal Slave Trade “Ohio Fever” in the North & “Alabama Fever” in the South

6. Domestic Sales & Transfer of Slaves to the “Deep South” Increases Greatly between 1830 and 1860 South invests capital into slaves & plantations while north invests in factories & railroads

7. Separation of Slave Families At Auctions Outrages Many Abolitionists 1 out of 3 Slave Children Separated From One or Both Parents

8. Stronger Abolition Movement Triggers Even Stronger Defense of Slavery Historical, Economic, Religious, Social, Paternalistic & Racial Arguments from those who saw the “peculiar institution” not as a “necessary evil”, but a “positive good” John C. Calhoun of South Carolina becomes the major Antebellum Voice in Congress for Slavery & States Rights

9. Southern Planter Elite 5% of whites own over 50% of slaves About 3,000 elite families owned 300+ slaves each Included “Tidewater Gentry” & “Cotton Entrepreneurs” Aristocratic & capitalistic “Slavocracy” develops In many ways, South a “colony” of North & Europe

10. Small Planters, Yeomen & Landless Whites Majority of slave owners held 1-5 slaves Yeomen aspired to be (but rarely became) plantation owners Southern population overwhelmingly rural & native born Poor whites hurt economically by slavery, but supported it socially

11. Antebellum African-American Culture & Religion

12. Evangelical Protestantism Influences African-American Culture 2 nd Great Awakening influences northern and southern blacks Messages of salvation and liberation resonate as blacks found their own churches African and Christian traditions blended Unique kinship ties and ceremonies develop

13. Slave Resistance & Relationship with Owners “Passive” Resistance Most Common Ex: Slow Pace of Work & Destruction of Tools & Owners Property Some slave owners push slaves with brutal violence Why not all? Some owners use “gang labor” system while others use “task labor” Impact on enslaved people? Some blacks act as “drivers” for white overseers or take care of white children Why are some enslaved people “trusted” like this by owners? Slave – Owner relationships varied and complex…

14. Less Common Forms of Slave Resistance – Rebellion & Running Away Ex: Underground Railroad & Nat Turners Rebellion

15. Free Blacks in Antebellum America About 10-12% (400,000+) of the black population by 1860 is free (but not socially equal) Freedom gained by flight, manumission and emancipation Confined to separate social, economic & political spheres in both north & south African-American founded various businesses and institutions Divided on efforts to aid the enslaved and assimilate into white culture