1. Emotion Michael Hoerger

2. Emotion Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotion Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotion Preference for particular affects varies across people and situations Preference for particular affects varies across people and situations Experts disagree on basic categories Experts disagree on basic categories

3. Positive and Neutral Affects + Interest + Enjoyment Surprise Surprise

4. Negative Affect - Sadness - Fear - Anger - Shame - Disgust

6. Shame Shame: Feeling of one’s self as bad Shame: Feeling of one’s self as bad Commonly misunderstood Commonly misunderstood Embarrassment: Shame in the presence of others Embarrassment: Shame in the presence of others Guilt: Feeling that one’s actions are bad Guilt: Feeling that one’s actions are bad Most important negative affect? Most important negative affect?

7. When do we experience shame?

8. Shame Clips Waiting Weatherman Billy Madison Billy Madison Tommy Boy Tommy Boy Seinfeld Who Wants To Be A Millionaire Who Wants To Be A Millionaire National Anthem National Anthem

9. Universal Shame Activators Looking in the mirror Looking in the mirror Making mistakes Making mistakes Strangers Strangers Others’ shame Others’ shame Success Success Parents/authority Parents/authority After becoming angry After becoming angry Feeling needy/insecure Feeling needy/insecure

10. Shame-binds Due to behaviorist principles, we learn to associate emotions with various stimuli Due to behaviorist principles, we learn to associate emotions with various stimuli For example, shame can become associated with other emotions, drives, or interpersonal needs For example, shame can become associated with other emotions, drives, or interpersonal needs

11. Affect-shame Binds Some people experience shame any time expressing certain (or all) affects Some people experience shame any time expressing certain (or all) affects Anger-shame bind: “You don’t raise your voice at me” Anger-shame bind: “You don’t raise your voice at me” Sadness-shame bind: “We don’t cry in this family” Sadness-shame bind: “We don’t cry in this family” Enjoyment-shame bind: “Wipe that smile off your face” Enjoyment-shame bind: “Wipe that smile off your face”

12. Drive-Shame Binds Shame can become attached to basic drives, such as hunger, sex, etc. Shame can become attached to basic drives, such as hunger, sex, etc. Shame associated with: Shame associated with: Sex, sexuality, sex before marriage, masturbation, eating, drinking, urinating Sex, sexuality, sex before marriage, masturbation, eating, drinking, urinating

13. Need-shame Binds Shame can also be bound to interpersonal needs: Shame can also be bound to interpersonal needs: Relationships Relationships Touching/holding Touching/holding Identification Identification Differentiation Differentiation Being nurtured Being nurtured Affirmation Affirmation Power Power

14. Self-esteem Low self-esteem: Shame bound to the key aspects of one’s identity Low self-esteem: Shame bound to the key aspects of one’s identity Shame bound to: Shame bound to: Personality traits, physical appearance, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, sexuality, occupation, income, past mistakes, activities Personality traits, physical appearance, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, sexuality, occupation, income, past mistakes, activities

15. Erikson & Shame Trust vs. Mistrust Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame Autonomy vs. Shame Initiative vs. Guilt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Intimacy vs. Isolation Generation vs. Stagnation Generation vs. Stagnation Ego Integrity vs. Despair Ego Integrity vs. Despair

16. Tools Collecting Happiness: 5 things that made you smile or feel happy Collecting Happiness: 5 things that made you smile or feel happy Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that you accomplished or made you feel proud Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that you accomplished or made you feel proud “Dynamics of Power: Fighting Shame and Building Self-Esteem” (1991) by Gershen Kaufman, $5 used on Amazon.com Amazon.com

17. Michael Hoerger Michael Hoerger To cite this lecture: Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31). Emotion and Developmental Psychology. Presented at a PSY 220 lecture at Central Michigan University. Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31). Emotion and Developmental Psychology. Presented at a PSY 220 lecture at Central Michigan University.