1. Amy Pate, Ph.D. Senior Researcher (Political Instability) START, University of Maryland December 11, 2012

2.  Key actors?  European powers, esp. Great Britain and France  Key strategies?  Military expansion  Commercial expansion  Direct control of territory  Key interests?  Resources  Markets  Leverage for European politics

3.  Key actors?  United States  China  Russia  India  Brazil  Australia  EU  Major African countries

4.  Key strategies?  Foreign direct investment  Foreign aid  Both state-led AND private  Partnerships with national elites

5.  Key interests?  Resources  Mineral  Agricultural  Markets (secondary)  Diplomatic leverage  Security

6.  42% bauxite  38% uranium  42% gold  73% platinum  88% diamonds  10% oil

7.  60% arable, undeveloped, land  Multiple crops possible

8.  Resources for infrastructure  Chinese gets access to mineral resources  Government gains infrastructure (roads, hospitals, airports, etc), although frequently through contracts to Chinese firms for the work  Lack of conditionalities (common for Western investment/loans)  Concentrated in a few countries

10.  The Chinese Export-Import Bank (EXIM) wants to invest in the development of a mine, located in a region where an ethnic minority lives, in a moderately unstable African country.  What are the potential costs/benefits for the following:  Local community where mine would be located  National government  China

11. LAND INVESTMENT Country%age of Agricultural Area DR Congo48.8% Mozambique21.1% Uganda14.6% Zambia8.8% Ethiopia8.2% Madagascar6.7% Malawi6.2% Mali6.1% Senegal5.9% Tanzania5% Sudan2.3% Nigeria1% Ghana0.6%

12.  What are the implications of foreign investors buying up agricultural land?

13.  Six-part series by Geoffrey York, The Globe and Mail. Six-part series by Geoffrey York, The Globe and Mail.  Padraig Carmody. 2011. The New Scramble for Africa  Oxfam. “Our land, Our lives.” Oxfam. “Our land, Our lives.”  “Minerals and Africa’s Development The International Study Group Report on Africa’s Mineral Regimes” “Minerals and Africa’s Development The International Study Group Report on Africa’s Mineral Regimes”