1. Imperial China
221 B.C. – 1911 A.D.

3. China before Qin Dynasty
The “Yellow Emperor”
Xia and Shang Dynasties
2070 B.C B.C.
Zhou Dynasty
1046 B.C B.C.
“Spring and Autumn” period
770 B.C B.C.

5. Confucius
born in 551 B.C.
died in 479 B.C.

6. In China Today

7. Confucianism
Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order
a system of social and ethical philosophy li
rituals, norms, institutions, or mores
ren
humaneness, kindness, benevolence, or virtue

8. Five Relationships father-child ruler-subject husband-wife
elder brother-younger brother
friend-friend

9. Qin Dynasty 221 B.C. - 206 B.C. Qin Shi Huangdi unified China
built a centralized bureaucratic apparatus
prefectures and counties
persecuted Confucianism
Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – 220 A.D.) promoted Confucianism as state ideology

10. Civil Service Exam System
605 A.D. to 1905 A.D.
composition based on Confucian classics

11. Ming Dynasty ( )

12. China’s Tributary System
Traditional system for managing foreign relations
The ``Middle Kingdom” worldview
Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary system
tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa

13. Qing Dynasty ( )
Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion
Manchu and Han Chinese

14. Ming and Qing Emperors

15. Mandate of Heaven

16. Western invasions (1839-1900) Opium War (1839 - 1842)
The Second Opium War ( )
Russia’s territorial gains
Northeast China ( )
Northwest China ( )
Sino-French War ( )
Sino-Japanese War ( )
8-nation forces (1900)

17. The Treaty System large amount of indemnity
dozens of treaty ports open to foreign
trade
gunboats
missionaries
territorial losses
tariffs

18. Weakness fully exposed
Sino-Japanese War of
Chinese navy destroyed
Taiwan ceded to Japan
large indemnity
most-favored-nation
more treaty ports
Korea
start of Japanese empire

19. The scramble for concessions

21. The scramble for answers
radicalization of domestic politics
the “Hundred Days of Reform” in 1898
ambitious reform program
examination system
bureaucracy
modernization
suppressed by conservatives in Qing court
reformist leaders fled to Japan

22. The Boxer Uprising in 1900 Peasants in Northern China
support from high officials of Qing court
destruction of anything foreign
siege of the legation quarter in Beijing

23. 8-nation forces invaded Beijing
Harsh settlement
station troops in Beijing
huge indemnity
Russian troops in Manchuria
until 1905

24. Imperialism in China

25. Radicalization of politics
status quo
modern monarchy
Qing court
Reformers
Peasants
Revolutionaries
republic
pre-1841 China
Marxism?
nationalism?

26. Legacies of Imperial Era
enormous size
ideological and moral commitment
strong personal leadership at the apex
nationwide governing bureaucracies
merit-based civil service exam system
combination of executive and judicial power
low status of merchants
culturalism (civilization) v. nationalism