1. Tourism Incentives to Promote Confidence in Renewable Energy www.sustainicum.a t www.energycamp. at Cooking with the Power of the Sun

2. The use of this text and all accompanying illustrations is subject to the restrictions of the Creative Commons license “by-nc-nd – Attribution-Noncommercial-Noderivatives“ supplemented by the information below. For more information on the Creative Commons go to: http://creativecommons.orghttp://creativecommons.org Permission rights were obtained directly from image creators. All rights reserved by the Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation, and Conservation Planning of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, which must be cited as follows: “Source of data: Institut für Landschaftsentwicklung, Erholungs- und Naturschutzplanung, BOKU Wien“ This data may not be used in applications or publications that support or incite criminal, illegal, racist, discriminatory, libelous, pornographic, sexist, or homophobic activities.

3. “Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I will remember. Let me do it, and I will understand.” Confucius energy regions renewable energy energy camp solar cooking Sources (clockwise): Energy-Camp http://www.eee-info.net/cms/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/50811886@N00 & http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-151969001-original.jpg

4. Energy Tourism & Tourism Programs Opportunities for Active Knowledge Transfer

5. Energy Tourism Daytrips or longer excursions to natural areas, regions, parks or tourism facilities that specialize in renewable and alternative energy production, utilization, or adaptation for daily use. The fundamental principles of energy tourism are the exchange of knowledge and experience-oriented activity. experience- oriented specialized

6. Energy Tourism for Professionals Target Groups: tourism for experts – community representatives, business executives, university faculty Destinations: Alternative energy generation systems, autonomous- energy regions, examples of best- practice Purpose: Technical innovation, exchange of information and know- how Knowledge Transfer: cognitive dimension, professional communication seminars, tours, discussions Duration: one and two-day trips Source: http://www.enertour.bz.it/de

7. Experience-Oriented Energy Tourism Target Groups: Vacationers, families, children, and youth groups Destinations: Nature trails, exhibitions, and learning-by-doing programs about alternative energy Purpose: Relaxation, recreation, fun, leisure-time learning Knowledge Transfer: Affective and kinesthetic dimension, emotional communication, fun-oriented design Duration: Trips of one day up to several days Source: www.welios.at

8. Energy Camp: An example of experience-oriented ET  Day camp or multiple-day camp for children and youth, as well as team- building camp for adults  Identifies practical ways to counteract climate change effectively  Provides experiences that stimulate thought and action – imparting a “do-it- differently” mentality  Presentation and application of technical innovations  Develops skills for the sustainable design of tomorrow Source: Energy -Camp

9. Experiential Learning  Learning through discovery  an active, self-guided, and constructive process  Action and reflection  deepen lessons by spending time reflecting after each phase of learning  Accessibility  links to social concerns – opportunities to co-create  Forward-looking outlook  positive and optimistic approach to social development Source: Energy -Camp

10. Energy Camp Activities  Organization  sleeping tents for males and females  self-sufficiency  Four different groups in rotation  E-cooking -> supplies the camp with food – using solar cooking methods  E-nature -> studies the energy region and explores land-use applications to generate energy  E-ntertainment -> puts on (evening) entertainment programs, including “showtime” with the participation of campers  E-xperiment -> researches and experiments with the mechanics of producing solar, wind, and hydro energy. Source: Energy -Camp

11. Solar Cooking: The Concept Solar cooking is based on using sunlight to generate heat for the purpose of cooking food.

12. Devices Rice cooker, France 1882 Solar hot dog stand, USA 1940 Archimedes, 212 v.C. Source: http://www.buch-der-synergie.de/c_neu_html/c_04_01_sonne_geschichte_1.htm Last visit: 04.10.2012

13. Source: http://www.lazola.de Last visit: 04.10.2012 Modern Solar Cookers Box cooker (solar oven) Parabolic cooker Source: Energy-Camp Source: http://solarcooking.wikia.com Last visit: 04.10.2012 Panel cooker

14. The Physics of Solar Cooking Collection – Concentration – Storage

15.  Collection – When rays of sun hit a black surface, heat is produced  Concentration – Reflective materials (such as mirrors) and convex lenses (such as magnifying glasses) are used to redirect and concentrate sunlight  Storage – The insulating properties of glass and other thermal materials are used to store the generated heat.

16. Converting Light into Heat –Black surfaces soak up rays of sunlight that strike them – they do not reflect sunlight like white surfaces –Photons (light particles) are a form of energy that causes the atoms of black materials to vibrate, which in turn raises the temperature of black objects

17. Source: http://www.webgeo.de/k_304/ Letzter Zugriff 02.10.2012 –Black masses absorb visible light (short wave), which is converted into heat radiation (long wave) and re-emitted as invisible infrared radiation.

18. Collecting and Concentrating Sunlight –Mirrored and polished metal surfaces reflect and “redirect” rays of sunlight. reflective surface absorbent surface rays of sunlight Source: original drawing

19. –Parabolic mirrors reflect incidental waves (rays of sunlight) and concentrate them on a single central spot (focal point). rays of sunlight parabolic mirror focal point Source: original drawing

20. Storing Heat: The Greenhouse Effect –A gas-filled (air, argon, etc.) or vacuum-sealed material blocks the flow of thermal energy –Insulating glass lets in short-wave radiation, retains thermal radiation (heat) solar radiation insulating glass thermal radiation black surface Source: Original diagram

21. What types of solar cookers are there?

22. I. Box Cookers  Work like ovens  Utilize the Greenhouse Effect  A pane of glass admits sunlight into a box with a black interior. Sunlight is converted into heat. Temperatures rise inside the box.  Cooking containers should also be black in order to best utilize the conversion effect  Yields lower amounts of power compared to parabolic cookers  Pre-heating is beneficial  Well-suited to foods with longer cooking times, such as vegetables, rice, grains, bread, and cakes Source: http://www.solargourmet.de Last visit: 09.10.2012

23. II. Concentration Cookers  Works like a stove top  Focuses (concentrates) sunlight into a single point  Immediately reaches cooking temperatures (needs no preheating)  Generally produces higher amounts of power than box cookers  Requires black cookware Source: http://www.sun-and-ice.de Last visit: 09.10.2012

24. Parabolic Cooker – “The Big One”  Resembles a satellite dish in appearance  High-quality mirror, usually made of polished aluminum sheeting  Sunlight is focused and concentrated on a focal point (cooking surface)  Must be realigned to the path of the sun (approx. every 30 Minutes)  Can reach temperatures up to 200° C  Useful for cooking processes that require more energy, such as boiling pasta, roasting meat, or frying Source: http://www.sun-and-ice.de Last visit: 12.12. 2012

25. Scheffler Cooker – the “Powerhouse”  Shape is similar to a parabolic cooker  Having the focal point outside of the mirror enables cooking to take place at a fixed position  Exact and automatic alignment to the sun (using an electric motor)  Large reflective surfaces (up to 20 m 2 )  Very powerful and efficient  Produces temperatures up to several hundred degrees  Simple to use  Non-mobile  High cost Source: http://www.solare- bruecke.org/ Last visit: 09.10.2012

26. Panel Cookers – the “Basic”  Cooking pot is positioned inside or in front of a reflector  Not very efficient – reaches maximum temperatures of about 120 °C  Very simple designs  Easy to build yourself  Requires intense sunlight Source: http://solarcooking.wikia.com Last visit: 04.10.2012

27. Practical Application of Solar Cookers

28. Practical Implementation of Solar Cooking Devices  The more sunlight there is, the higher the power of the cooker  The more hours or days of sunlight annually, the more often solar cookers can be used  Solar cookers are a good alternative in areas where firewood is scarce  May be adapted to household use or even commercial kitchens

29. Household solar cookers replace the need for stoves Source: http://www.plage.cc/cms/themen/solarkocher.php www.plage.at/solarkocher Copyright Peter Machart Last visit: 09.10.2012 Source: http://www.redcross.ch/mag/print_mag-de.php?id=182 Last visit: 09.10.2012 Source: http://www.myclimate.org/uploads/media/myclimate_Madagask ar_Solar.JPG Last visit: 20.11.2012

30. Scheffler cookers in commercial kitchens Source: http://www.solare-bruecke.org/http://www.solare-bruecke.org/ Copyright: Heike Hoedt & Wolfgang Scheffler Last visit: 09.10.2012

31. Other applications of solar food preparation Source: http://www.uni-kassel.de/agrar/agt/?c=134 Last visit: 09.10.2012 Source: http://www.solare-bruecke.org/http://www.solare-bruecke.org/ Last visit: 09.10.2012 Drying tunnel for dehydrating fruit and vegetables Solar cooler based on an absorber refrigerator

32. Solar Cooking around the World Where? – When? – What’s it good for?

33. Source: http://meteonorm.com/download/mapshttp://meteonorm.com/download/maps © METEOTEST; based on www.meteonorm.comwww.meteonorm.com Last visit: 09.10.2012 World Solar Energy Gain in kWh/m 2 /year

34. The Advantages of Solar Cooking in Developing Countries Source: http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/CooKit Last visit: 10.10.2012 Each of these groups cost about 75 Kenyan schillings (about $1 US)  Using solar cookers reduces demand for coal and firewood  This saves both money (buying fuel) and labor time (collecting firewood)  In addition to the economic benefits, it also reduces ecological pressure on forests  It reduces exposure to smoke from conventional methods  Slower cooking reduces the amount of vitamins and nutrients lost

35. Solar Cooking in Austria Where? – When? – What‘s it good for?

36. Solar Gain in Austria Source: PVGIS © European Union, 2001-2012 Last visit: 18.12.2012 Šúri M., Huld T.A., Dunlop E.D. Ossenbrink H.A., 2007. Potential of solar electricity generation in the European Union member states and candidate countries. Solar Energy, 81, 1295–1305, http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/. Huld T., Müller R., Gambardella A., 2012. A new solar radiation database for estimating PV performance in Europe and Africa

37. Energy Use  Average annual electricity consumption per household (4 people) is approx. 3,200 – 4,400 kWh (KONSUMENT 11/2011 )  Average annual amount of electricity used per person for cooking in Austria is approx. 203 kWh ( STATISTIK AUSTRIA, http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_und_umwelt/energie/energieeinsatz_der_haushalte/ind ex.html) http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_und_umwelt/energie/energieeinsatz_der_haushalte/ind ex.html  The gross price of 1 kWh electrical current in Austria in 2010 was approx. € 0.19 (STATISTIK AUSTRIA, Gütereinsatzstatistik 2010)

38. Solar Energy Power  On average, a square meter of the earth‘s surface receives about 1000 watts (1kW) m 2 of solar energy an hour  Solar altitude, angle of incidence, cloud cover, etc. all have an influence on power levels  According to the manufacturer, Premium 14 parabolic reflector cookers attain an average output of 700 watts  1 liter of water boils in about 9 minutes. (Sun-and-Ice.de)

39. Practical Applications Things to know about solar cooking

40. How to conserve energy as you cook  Always cover the food you are cooking – leaving food uncovered considerably increases the amount of energy needed  Use tight-fitting pot covers  Pressure cookers conserve up to 50% of energy  Use only a small amount of liquid  The bottom of the pan should be the same size as the cooking surface  Use pots that fit the food  Grains, rice, and vegetables cook faster if you soak them in water beforehand  To increase power, use matt black pots for solar cooking

41. Tips  Hold your hand over a light-colored surface in the sun. If your fingers make shadows with sharp outlines, then the amount of solar radiation is sufficient for cooking. If the shadows are diffuse, there is not enough.  Cooking times are a bit quicker if you set up the solar oven (empty) ahead of time to pre-heat while you get the food ready to cook.  Foods that cook slowly (like lentils) turn out better than those that need to be cooked quickly (such as noodles).  In order to prepare meals in two hours time, choose ingredients that cook quickly, and/or cut up the ingredients (such as vegetables) into VERY small pieces.  Every time you lift the lid, you lengthen the cooking time!  Cookers must be reoriented to the sun at regular intervals.  When preparing supper, keep in mind that the sun‘s power decreases significantly after 4 pm.

42. Recipe Ideas Brunch Menu

43. Solar Menu Homemade Vegetable Soup *** Leek Quiche *** Solar Brownies Source: www.energycamp.at Last visit: 10.10.2012 Source: http://www.solargourmet.de Last visit: 09.10.2012

44. 3 carrots ½ stalk of celery 2 stalks of parsley ½ onion 1 small zucchini ½ red pepper ½ kohlrabi 1 tsp savory 1 tbsp seasoning herbs 5 juniper berries 1 tbsp canola oil ¾ liter water Salt and pepper 1 bay leaf Get water. Wash, skin, and cut the vegetables into small pieces. Put all the vegetables into a pot and fill with water. Add the savory and bay leaf. Pour in the oil. Cook on the solar cooker for one hour. Before serving, add salt and pepper to taste. Homemade Vegetable Soup Parabolic reflector cooker Cooking time approx. 1 hr. Serves 3

45. 300 g whole wheat flour 250 g cottage cheese 5 tbsp oil 1 tsp salt Filling: 5 stalks of leek 300 g crème fraiche 3 eggs grated cheese salt, pepper, nutmeg Knead the flour, cottage cheese, oil, and salt into a dough. Put the dough into a well-greased baking dish. Cut the leeks into thin rings and lay them on the dough. Mix the eggs, crème fraiche, and seasoning together in a bowl and pour over the leeks. Place the baking dish in a pre-heated oven. After one hour, sprinkle the grated cheese on top. Leek Quiche Box cooker Baking time approx. 1.5 hrs Serves 3

46. 100 g butter 150 g chocolate (75 g for melting, 75 g coarsely chopped) 2 eggs 1 cup sugar ½ cup flour 1 tsp baking powder 1.5 cups chopped hazel nuts or almonds ½ cup walnuts or other nuts 2 tbsp rum In a metal bowl, melt the butter and half of the chocolate together. Add sugar and eggs and stir well. Add remaining ingredients and chopped chocolate. Spread the batter two centimeters thick in a small baking pan or a large pot and bake for two hours. Solar Brownies Box cooker Baking time approx. 2 hrs Serves 4

47. Related Literature and Websites Energy/conversion/radiation –http://www.vogel- buchverlag.de/media/products/0618654001146730752.pdf?vogelsid=7ff0219 –http://www.webgeo.de/k_304/ Collecting/focusing –http://www.physique.lu/lte_physique/classe_10PS/optik_4_linsen.pdf Cookers –R. BEHRING, M. GÖTZ; 2008; Kochen mit der Sonne; ökobuch Verlag, Staufen bei Freiburg –M. Janits; 2012; Masters thesis: “Das Energy- Camp”; eigener Verlag –http://www.sun-and-ice.de Support –http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/CooKit –http://www.journeytoforever.org/community.html –http://de.scribd.com/doc/31341230/SOLARKOCHER-IN- ENTWICKLUNGSLANDERN-German

48. General resources on solar cooking –http://www.solargourmet.de/ –http://www.solare-bruecke.org/ Solar energy –http://www.pvaustria.at –http://www.lightoven.de/index.php/leistung-und-wirkungsgrad.html Recipes –http://www.chefkoch.de/ –http://www.scoutnet.de/technik/rezepte/ –http://www.jugend-sankt-paulus.de/KochbuchLagerkueche.pdf

49. Contact www.sustainicum.a t www.energycamp. at Mag. Richard Kromp www.sustainicum.at sustainicum@boku.ac.at 01 47 654 7708 Dr. DI Alexandra Jiricka www.energycamp.at alexandra.jiricka@boku.ac.at 01 47 654 7213

50. Credits Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur Prof. Dr. Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider Dr. DI Alexandra Jiricka Bakk. techn. Florian Schublach www.boku.ac.at florian.schublach@boku.ac.at 01 47 654 7213