1. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe + Implementing Provisions Andrej Kobe ENV C3, DG Environment

2. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Content l New Air Quality Directive l Implementing Provisions m Data Exchange Group l Other Activities l Implementation issues, early warnings l 2005 204/461/EC submission m First impressions

3. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Process 6EAPBetter regulation CAFE Science & peer review Implementation experience IAM + CBA Stakeholder involvement Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution Proposal AQ Directive COM (2005) 447 COM: orientation debate, Competitiveness & Lisbon group Co-decision : Council & European Parliament Adopted AQD, Transposition, Implementation, Review

4. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 State of play l Commission m Proposal October 2005 l EP m first reading 27 September l Council m Political agreement 23 October (NL/PL against) l 2 nd reading : 1 st half 2007 l Entry into force :2 nd half 2007?

5. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 AQD revision l CAFE results  PM 2.5 objectives l Better regulation l Experience with implementation m Flattening/reverse of PM10, NO2 trends after 2000 m >1/3 of all zones exceeding PM10 daily LV m Abatement r Often weak and/or late measures r Often high transboundary pollution aspect u Cooperation between MS very weak r Community measures?

6. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (1) Environmental objectives for PM 2,5 Concentration cap (limit value) Exposure reduction target lConcentration cap of 25µg/m 3 annual average to apply everywhere Robust monitoring of PM 2.5 concentrations l Target to reduce national average measured urban background concentration by 20% between 2010 and 2020 subject to later review where differentiated MS legal objectives to be proposed l Exposure reduction target should drive measures to deliver the objectives of the Thematic Strategy

7. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (2) Addressing compliance problems (Article 20)  Attainment date not yet arrived (NO 2 )  Attainment data passed (PM 10 )  Time extension once, up to 5 years, subject to conditions  LV in force, but at LV+MoT level

8. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (3) Reporting  To be adopted by the Committee  Prepared by Data Exchange Group  Explicit requirements in Art. 25  INSPIRE, Shared Env Information System

9. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (4) lSpatial applicability of critical levels for the protection of ecosystems lDeduction of natural sources (Article 19) lFurther QA/QC provisions lBackground monitoring requirement

10. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (1) Spatial applicability of the limit value  LV applies throughout territory  Reasonable application of the rules of evidence  (-) Close to the ground  (-) Very small areas (when modelling)  Council : explicit exclusion of compliance assessment  No Access AND no habitation  On the road, on the central reservation of roads

11. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (2) PM monitoring  EP : 50% reduction for ‘new’ PM2.5  Council : combined PM10/PM2.5 monitoring reduction by 25%  Ratio 1 : 2 required  Urban background PM2.5 for exposure reduction required  Where PM10 exceedances in last 3 years maintain  Council : raise PM assessment threshold levels  Consistence PM thresholds with other pollutants

12. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (4) Daily PM10 limit value  Council : maintain as is  NL : delete!  EP : weaken  MS can decide to lift from 35 to 55 allowed days over 50 micrograms/m3

13. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (4) Annual PM10 limit value  Council : maintain as is  EP : strengthen  Reduce from 40 to 33 micrograms/m 3 in 2010  Beware : time extensions!  30 roughly comparable to daily 35/50  (WG PM position paper 2004)

14. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (5) Fine particles PM 2.5 EPEP m PM 2.5 concentration cap stricter at 20µg/m 3 but delayed until 2015. m Differentiated exposure reduction for urban PM 2.5 r <10µg/m 3 average (AEI) then 0% national reduction r 10-15µg/m 3 average then variable 10% national reduction r 15-20µg/m 3 average then 15% national reduction r 20-25µg/m 3 average then 20% national reduction r >25µg/m 3 average then all appropriate measures to reach AEI = 20µg/m 3 l Council m PM 2.5 concentration cap 25µg/m 3 but delayed until 2015. m Differentiated exposure reduction for urban PM 2.5 by 2020 r = <7µg/m 3 average then 0% national reduction r >7-13µg/m 3 average then variable (AEI x 1.5)% national reduction r >13µg/m 3 average then 20% national reduction l Implementation schedule m UB stations by 2008 r derogation by 2009 – only 2 year average for ERT, or same ERT for only 9 years m Other stations by the transposition date

15. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (6) Time extensions of LV attainment date, under conditions CommissionCommission < 5 years for all pollutants, from attainment date Example : PM 10 2010, PM 2.5 2015, NO 2 2015 CouncilCouncil NO2 <5 years, PM10 < 3 years after entry into force Example: PM 10 2011*, (PM 2.5 2015), NO 2 2015 EPEP PM 10 : 4+2 years after entry into force, NO 2 4 years unconditional Example: PM 10 2012-2014, (PM 2.5 2015 at 20), NO 2 2014 Link to Community measures

16. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Final thoughts l Important 2013 review m new data on PM2.5, make exposure reduction obligatory l Exposure reduction will deliver TS objectives m Too strict PM2.5 LV would focus measures in hotspots l Commission positions m considers Council political agreement maintains balance m Prefer realistic LV & time extensions as short as possible m Commissioner against weakening r Daily PM10 has to be maintained

17. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Implementing provisions l Objectives m Modern, electronic, streamlined reporting m Reduction of administrative burden r Minimize interaction due to QC r Reduce need for user interaction r Maximize use of IT r Minimize burden for aggregation m Added value of information content r Including spatial nature of AQ information m Adopt SEIS, INSPIRE concepts

18. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 INSPIRE l Directive m conciliation between EP and Council in November m Main issues access to data & its potential costs m Strong interest from other sectors (AGRI etc) l Implementation m First drafts of implementing rules to be available soon m DEG is INSPIRE SDIC responsible for AQ theme m DEG needs to support the process

19. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Shared Env. Information System l SEIS = information infrastructure (3 pillars) m EPRG endorsed, but still fairly unknown – information package before end 2006 m Communication by COM in 2 nd half 2007, potentially with legislative proposal to ensure legal basis m Further Group of 4 (ENV,ESTAT,JRC,EEA) agreements in preparation for sustainable support of data centers & horizontal units m Addressing data policy issues m Timescale : full electronic reporting by 2009, followed by move to distributed system (INSPIRE based) l What do we do? m EIONET follows development through EEA and DEG

20. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Related activities - contracts l Representativeness, classification of stations (UBA AT) m Interim and methodology report available l Support to work on Implementing provisions (UBA AT) m Impact assessment, preparation of guidance, examples l Administrative arrangement with JRC ‘Inspire’ unit (in prep.) m Steered by ENV/EEA/DEG m Support to Member States and EEA in IP realisation m Manage pilot projects in (up to) 2+2 Member States r Service contracts with institutions involved in AQ reporting on a national level m Exploiting synergies with other themes

21. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Related activities - other l EEA activities m Data centre; Ozone web, QC of reporting and EoI-Questionnaire link, work on spatial data, Reportnet, indicators l GMES m Fast track service “Atmosphere” – remote sensing and modelling services to support assessment by Member States m Workshop in December, Brussels : final terms of reference, description and timetable for implementation l Air4EU m Air quality monitoring and modeling; requirements m Final workshop/presentation of results in November, Prague l Assesment of plans and programmes (contract) l Administrative arrangement on use of remote sensing and determination of contribution of natural sources (with JRC) l Preparation of integrated QA/QC programme (with JRC,AQUILA)

22. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Implementation l 4DD m Transposition by 15 February 2007 m Monitoring : HM (including Hg!), PAH m Preliminary assessment l Monitoring PM2.5 m Urban background for exposure reduction indicator m Compliance with limit value m Chemical composition l Integrated QA/QC : m roles JRC, AQUILA, EEA (EIONET?), DEG l Air quality plans m Assessment, modelling, source apportionment, identification of measures m Link to /coherence with Climate Change, NEC,… m Plan for exposure reduction m Political adoption process, public participation Reporting is not a separate exercise Be proactive and ensure yourself quality input!

23. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 2004/461/EC for 2005 Situation October l AQD revision – need for quick assessment, but important to get it right m Resource intensive due to ‘little’ inconsistencies – automation difficult m IT : 15 questionnaires (still missing 5) l Missing IE, NL, LU l CDR used by many m Inconsistent naming of folders, filenames m How to ensure ‘official’ status of the submission?

24. EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 2004/461/EC for 2005, Results (situation October) l Zone exceedance daily 39%, annual 17 % m Exceedances in all countries that reported, 9 MS exceedances in more than 90% of their zones m 15 out of 21 exceedance in ALL their agglomerations, DE > 54%, UK 68 % m Can be misleading for policy purposes l NO2 : Exceeding LV+MoT in 14% of all zones m UK 81%, AT 55%, DE 29%, IT 38%, FR 14%