1. Alcohol Metabolism Break Down and Removal

2. Small Amounts Unmetabolized (10%) l Sweat l Urine l Breath

3. 1st Pass Metabolism l Occurs in the Stomach l Gender Differences Exist: Men have a > level of ADH than women l Early metabolism translates to lower BAC levels

4. 2nd Pass Metabolism l Occurs in the Liver l 1st liver enzyme--Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)-----> Acetaldehyde l 2nd liver enzyme--Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase----> Acetic Acid l Acetic Acid oxidized by body organs----> CO 2 + H 2 O

5. Blood Alcohol Concentration l THE RATIO OF ALCOHOL IN THE BLOOD TO THE TOTAL VOLUME OF BLOOD EXPRESSED AS A PERCENT l THE PERSUMPTIVE LEVEL OF INTOXICATION =.10% l FOR A 160 LB. INDIVIDUAL EACH DRINK =.02% *note size

6. PROBLEM l If an individual weighing 160 lbs. consumes 2 drinks per hour, what will his/her BAC level be at the end of that time?

7. SOLUTION Hour 1:.02 +.02 =.04 -.02 =.02% Hour 2:.02 +.02 =.04 -.02 +.02 =.04% Hour 3:.02 +.02 =.04 -.02 +.04 =.06% Hour 4:.02 +.02 =.04 -.02 +.06 =.08% Hour 5:.02 +.02 =.04 -.02 +.06 =.10% DUI

8. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: IRRITANT INCREASING AMOUNTS IMPEDE OR STOP DIGESTION PYLORIC VALVE MAY BE EFFECTED “STUCK”

9. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l CIRCULATORY SYSTEM MINOR EFFECTS HEARTBEAT & BLOOD PRESSURE LITTLE EFFECT VASODILATOR OF SURFACE VESSELS BODY HEAT LOSS (HYPOTHERMIA)

10. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l KIDNEYS INCREASED URINE OUTPUT CONSUMING LARGE QUANTITIES OF LIQUID REDUCES THE PITUITARY HORMONE ADH (ANTIDIRURETIC HORMONE)

11. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l LIVER ELIMINATES LIVER PRODUCTION OF GLUCOSE CREATING HYPOGLYCEMIA BRAIN DEPRIVED OF PROPER NOURISHMENT WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, SWEATY, HEADACHE, TREMORS FATTY LIVER

12. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l WHITE BLOOD CELLS ACUTE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SUCH AS BINGE DRINKING HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON: WBC RESERVES CHEMOTAXIS WBC ADHERENCE TO BACTERIA

13. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY l CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 dk/hrBAC.02 little change 2 dk/hrBAC.05 drinker high, judgement center of brain affected, inhibitions lowered 3 dk/hrBAC.10 judgement is nil, muscle coordination depressed, stagger, slur speech

14. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY 10 dk/hrBAC.20 emotions erractic, poor memory 1 pint/hrBAC.25 -.30 stuporus, judgement long gone, coordination wiped out, sensory perception almost gone 1.25 pints/hr BAC.40 coma, brain center which controls heart & lungs partially anesthetized

15. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY.40 -.50coma.60death