1. World history Chapter 5
Ancient Greece

2. Section 1 The Early Civilizations of Greece
20 minute video about Greece

4. The Geography of Greece
Very mountainous region of southeastern Europe
Isolated the Greek people for each other
Numerous islands
No great rivers---Little rainfall
Dry, rocky soil
Grew- barley, grapes, and olives
raised -pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
-Food was scarce

5. Early Greek Communities
The Sea
Most people lived 40 miles of the sea
Built great harbors
became sailors, fishers, & traders
– traded olive oil, wine, wool, and marble for grain and metals
Early Greek Communities
people were separated by water and mountains & developed different communities

6. The Minoan Civilization
the island Crete
In the Aegean Sea
No written record
King-government
interested in trade, not war or conquest
influenced Greek-speaking Mycenaean's
culture mysteriously vanished around 1600 BC
Volcanic eruption ?

7. The Palace of Knossos
built of stone around central courtyard; used for royal family, worship, storerooms (for tax payments), workshops, large bathrooms, & plumbing system
Art was important in Minoan culture (frescoes) see front of school

8. The Mycenaean's Grow Powerful
First Greeks to leave written records
Dominated the mainland
Ruled by Kings
Traded with Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Sicily

9. The Trojan War 1250 BC
Mycenaean & other Greek vs. Troy (on Asia Minor)
Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen-sister-in-law of Mycenaean king
Troy was burnt to the ground

10. The Decline of Mycenae and the Age of Homer
At Home and Abroad
1100bc Mycenaean disappeared
Many Greeks left for Asia Minor, Sicily, & Southern Italy, spread culture

11. The Iliad and the Odyssey--long, epic, narrative poems by Greek poet Homer
The story of the long journey home of Odysseus
The Greek hero of the war
lliad
Last few days of the Trojan Wars

12. Greek Religion ----gods had human feelings & form
Built marble temples to honor gods & goddesses
People needed to please the Gods
Zeus – king of the gods;
Athena – goddess of wisdom
Live on Mt Olympus

13. Greek City-States Rise to Power
Section 2
Greek City-States Rise to Power

14. City state develop
800B.C. first Greek large political units formed called Polis—city-state
Completed against each other for control of land and trade
All city-states shared common language & adapted Phoenician alphabet in 750bc; shared common religion & culture;
Citizenship only free males
Olympics

15. Governments of the City-States
most city-states began as monarchies protected by citizen-soldiers
ARISTOCRACY: government in which the upper class, or a privileged few, rule
OLIGARCHY: government in which only a few powerful people rule, “rule of the few”
800 BC tools became cheaper & more available as they were made of iron; Athens & Sparta gained power

16. Sparta Becomes a Military State a Spartan life = “a life with few luxuries”
A Society of Soldiers- boys sent to train at age 7 until 30
600’s B.C. first Greek constitution
governed by 2 military kings,
28-member council of elders (over age 60) (chose issues)
lawmaking assembly voted on laws made up of all free adult males over 30 with 5 overseers
Conquered people were helots, or slaves, who farmed the land

17. Women of Sparta
had more rights than other Greeks women; inherited land
girls received physical training & some education
Learned to run, wrestle, throw a javelin,

18. Athenians and Their Right to Govern
Government Reforms and Limited Democracy
800bc-700bc Athens grew quickly
500 chosen men made up the LEGISLATURE lawmaking body in government
DEMOCRACY: government that gives its citizens the ruling power, “power from the people”
Slaves & women had no power in government

19. Education in Athens
boys learned reading, writing, math, music, athletics, & speaking
only wealthy citizens were educated due to cost
Athenians generally more educated than other Greeks

20. Greek Unity in the Persian Wars
400’s B.C.- Greeks joined together against Persia
499BC -Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule
Athens & Sparta joined to beat Persians & end Persian Wars

21. The End of the Persian Wars alliances were formed
Delian League
Peloponnesian League:
formed 478bc between 140 Greek city-states that had fought in Persian Wars; lead by Athenians
formed by Sparta

22. Section 3 The Golden Age of Athens

23. The Age of Pericles Athens becomes the richest, most powerful city-state
Expanding Democracy
TRIBUTE: payment given by one nation to another more powerful nation; may be paid in exchange for protection; Athens demanded tribute from members of the Delian League
Classical Age: 480bc-323bc when Athenian art, politics, & literature flourished (refers to order, balance, & harmony)
DIRECT DEMOCRACY: government in which citizens take part directly rather than through representatives; belief of Pericles
JURY: group of people that considers the evidence in a trial & makes a judgment

24. Culture in the Golden Age
Architecture and Art
public buildings, like temples were large, homes were small
most art was on practical pottery
450bc natural, fluid style of art developed with idealized forms

25. Poetry, Drama, and History
Earliest literature:
poetry – poets include Homer, Sappho
Greek Drama:
tragedies dealt with suffering & misery
Comedies:
poked fun at leaders & their politics
Women weren’t allowed to be actors;
female parts played by men

26. Three Great Thinker Philosopher- “lover of wisdom”
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle;
asked what it means to lead a good life
Socrates
taught by going to the agora & asking questions
Was arrested & sentences in death in 399bc

27. Plato, Socrates’ student, wrote about Socrates’ life, the ideal state, the ideal society, the nature of goodness and friendship, and the idea of truth; founded school The Academy 387bc
Aristotle, Plato’s student, went to Macedonia to tutor Alexander the Great, went to Athens & set up school, Lyceum, taught to learn by observation, book Politics he praised the middle class

28. The Peloponnesian War: Plague and Starvation
began in 412B.C. between Greek city-states, Athens & Sparta
404bc Athens was starved & surrendered to Spartan
Aftermath
Sparta won Peloponnesian War
Athenian democracy lost energy & corruption grew; unity was lost

29. Section 4 Alexander builds a great empire

31. The Rise of Macedonia Philip II Gains Control
404BC city-states continued to fight
359BC Philip II became king of Macedonia & looked to Greece
Philip defeated Greek city-states of Athens & Thebes
his son Alexander defeated the Sacred Band of 300 Theban soldiers

32. Alexander Takes the Throne
Philip wanted to unit Macedonia & Greece then defeat Persia
ASSASSINATION: murder of a leader for political reason
Philip was assassinated & his son Alexander became king at 20

33. Alexander Builds an Empire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LsrkWDCvxg
334bc Alexander leads army to attack Persia in Asia Minor
Alexander is considered one of the greatest military leaders of ancient times
They never lost a battle
331BC established Alexandria on northern coast of Egypt
Army made it 11,000 miles into India before stopping

34. Death and Division
323bc Alexander died at 33 from an infection or fever
Empire was left “to the strongest;” it was divided into 3 kingdoms
Richest & most powerful, Egypt, went to A Macedonian General Ptolemy I

35. Hellenistic Civilization The Economy and the Growth of cities
blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian and other influences – from 323BC-146BC
Use of money increased (including real banks)
Alexandra in Egypt became a busy port and center of education with the world’s largest library
ended when Greece was conquered by Rome
Left an important impact on the world and the future

36. The End