1. Oils Spills in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary

2. 2. Sanctuaries map

3. 3. SE Farallon Island

4. 4. Seals on island

5. 5. Sea Star

6. slide6 6. Fish

7. 7. Oil Oil = decomposed fossils

8. Types of Oil Carbon-Hydrogen Chains –1-4 carbonslight hydrocarbons, ex. Methane (CH 4 ) –4-14 carbonsnaptha ==> gasoline –12-15 carbonskerosene ==> jet aircraft fuel –15-25 carbonsgas oil ==> heating oil and bunker fuel –>25 carbonsresidual oils Carbon-Hydrogen Rings = Aromatics –Benzene C 6 H 6 –Toluene C 6 H 5 CH 3 –Xylenes C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 ==> polyester CH H H H H H H H H H C CC C C C

9. Sources of Oil in the Marine Environment Natural oil seeps Oil exploration and production Industrial Discharge Urban Runoff (highways, oil changes) Vessel Operations (leaks, cleaning) Accidental Big Spills

10. 10. Shipping lanes 800 - 1,100 Oil Tankers Annually Enter San Francisco Bay

11. 11. Container ship

12. 12. Fishing ships

13. 13. Cruise liner

14. 14. T/V Puerto Rican

15. 15. Puerto Rican with oil

16. 16. Puerto Rican with Coast Guard

17. 17 Burnt Puerto Rican

18. 18. Oil sheen on water

19. 19. Ship location San Francisco Farallon Islands Bodega Bay Site of Explosion Towed Here

20. 20. Puerto Rican escorted

21. 21. Coast Guard helicopter

22. 22. Oil near Farallon Islands

23. 23. Mr. Clean

24. What Happens to Spilled Oil? Image from The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd

25. 25. Dispersion Dispersant molecules attach to both water and oil Wind and waves break the slick apart, mixing the oil into the water.

26. 26. Elephant Seal

27. 27. Oiled Seal lions

28. 28. Oil slick

29. 29.Plankton Phytoplankton less than 0.1 mm in size Krill, about 2 cm long

30. 30 Common Murres

31. 31. Oiled Murre

32. 32. Feather

33. 33. Oiled Sanderlings

34. 34. Mobile Vet Lab

35. 35 Common Murres

36. 36. Assorted shorebirds

37. 37. Map of PR oil San Francisco Farallon Islands Bodega Bay Site of sunken stern day 10 day 6day 5 day 9 day 7 day 4

38. 38. Oil boom in intertidal

39. 39. Bodega Harbor

40. 40. Oil boom protecting wetlands

41. 41. PR at GG Bridge

42. 42. Oil Sheen

43. Major Oil Spills in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary 1984PUERTO RICAN1.4 million gal 1986APEX HOUSTON20,000 gal 1996CAPE MOHICAN42,000-50,000 gal 1997-98Point Reyes Tarball Incident 1998COMMAND2,500 gal 2001-02sunken J. LUCKENBACH unknown 3 quarts per oil change 4 times per year is how many gallons?

44. 44. Murre Restoration

45. 45. Tarball and scale

46. 46. Tarball at Limantour

47. 47. Sinking oil rig off of Brazil

48. 48. Volunteers

49. 49. Surveyor

50. 50. Oil sheen on Agate Beach

51. 51. Oiled feather sampling

52. 52. Sea Siren Grounding

53. 53. Sunset