1. ATHLETIC INJURIES The most likely time for injury to occur is within the first 6-8 weeks of beginning a new activity or exercise INJURIES

2. SPRAIN  Condition caused by a violent, sudden stretching of a joint or ligament.  Treatment of a sprained ankle Treatment of a sprained ankle

3. SPRAINS

4. SPRAINS (cont.)

5. DISLOCATION  End of a bone is pushed out of it’s joint  DO NOT ATTEMPT TO FIX THIS BY YOURSELF!!!  Shoulder Reduction Shoulder Reduction  Dislocated knee Dislocated knee DISLOCATED ELBOW

6. DISLOCATION

7. BRUISE  Subcutaneous Tissue Damage  Contusion

8. BRUISE

9. STRAIN  Muscles are overworked  Treatment: REST & HEAT

10. STRAIN

11. TENDONITIS  When a tendon is stretched or torn…Example is “Tennis Elbow”  Treatment: REST, MEDICINES, PHYSICAL THERAPY  Tendon = connects Muscle to Bone

12. TENDONITIS

13. Note: FEET Study done by the PA College of Podiatric Medicine found that the average person in a lifetime walks 115,000 miles = 4X around the world

14. MUSCLE CRAMPS  When a muscle contracts tightly and will not relax  Treatment: MASSAGE, MOVEMENT, HEAT, PROPER WARM-UP, FLUIDS  Is caused by a temporary lack of food or oxygen to the muscle…loss of large amount of salt and water through sweating…tired or overworked due to strenuous exercise

15. MUSCLE CRAMPS

16. FAST TWITCH VS SLOW TWITCH  FAST TWITCH  explosive muscle fibers  Sprinters  SLOW TWITCH  endurance fibers  Long Distance Runners

17. SLOW TWITCH VS FAST TWITCH

18. HERNIA  Rupture of body tissue or a body organ through a weak point in the muscle wall

19. HERNIA

20. HEAT EXHAUSTION  Body overheats with the loss of a large amount of water and salt  SYMPTOMS: Pale, moist skin…dizziness…headache…shortness or breath….nausea

21. HEAT EXHAUSTION

22. HEAT STROKE  Body overheats  SYMPTOMS: Sudden collapse…rapid pulse…muscle twitching…difficulty breathing…skin is dry (no sweat)  TREATMENT: Move to a cool place…loosen clothing…spray or sponge them with cold water…call 911 (check for a pulse)

23. HEAT STROKE

24. FROSTBITE  Body tissue freezes DUE TO: prolonged exposure to freezing or near freezing temperatures MOST OFTEN OCCURS TO: chin…cheeks…nose…ears…fingers TREATMENT: depends upon the amount and severity of exposure but…may need to get to the hospital…gradually warm the area

25. FROSTBITE

26. HYPOTHERMIA  Body temp. drops due to prolonged cold exposure

27. HYPOTHERMIA

28. BLOOD POOLING  The build up of blood in the muscle tissue due to sudden stopping of exercise  Person may pass out…  THIS IS WHY YOU NEED TO DO A PROPER COOL DOWN AFTER EXERCISE!!!

29. BLOOD POOLING

30. LIGAMENT Strong band of connective tissue that joins BONE to BONE ACL TEAR McGahee Injury

31. LIGAMENT

32. LIGAMENT (cont.)

33. TENDON  Strong band of connective tissue that joins MUSCLE to BONE

34. TENDON

35. TENDON (cont.)

36. CARTILAGE  Cushioning between the bones  Cartilage Repair Cartilage Repair

37. CARTILAGE

38. CARTILAGE (cont.)

39. INCOMPLETE FRACTURE  Break does not cause the bone to separate into two pieces

40. SIMPLE FRACTURE  Break causes the bone to separate into two pieces

41. COMPOUND FRACTURE  Break causes the bone to separate into two pieces as well as penetrate through the skin ANKLE Splinting

42. COMPOUND FRACTURE (cont.)

43. ERGONOMICS Definition: Science in which human capabilities, limitations, and other characteristics are identifies and applied to the design of the work place in terms of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human use. Goals of Ergonomics and Human Factors Research Reduce occurrence and cost of accidents and injuries Improve well-being and efficiency of industries and organizations To optimize performance Decrease physical and cognitive stresses in the worker Increase job satisfaction and productivity Improve worker – management relations

44. Fitness Bingo Simple Fracture Compound Fracture Incomplete Fracture Wt/Ht2 X 704.5 Body Mass Index (BMI) Caliper Isotonic Isometric Asthma Muscle Strength Carpal Tunnel Hernia Dislocation Target Heart Rate Lifetime Sport Flexibility Hypothermia Anaerobic Compression Physical Fitness Basal Metabolism Heat Exhaustion 3 Sprain Sedentary Cartiladge Aerobic Strain Bruise Tendon Calorie Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) Ligament Frostbite Cramps 6-8