1. It is important to learn how to prevent injuries and respond to them when they occur.

2. frostbite
hypothermia
overexertion
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
muscle cramps
strains
sprains

3. Safety First
Safety precautions can help you avoid injuries during physical activity.
If you become ill or injured during a physical activity, get help immediately.

4. Safety First
Before beginning a physical activity program, get a medical screening to identify diseases and disorders that could make it unsafe to participate in some activities.

5. Safety First Use the correct safety equipment for an activity.
Pay attention to other people, objects, and the weather.
Play or exercise at your skill level and know your limits.
Warm up before exercise and cool down afterward.
Stay within the areas designated for a given activity.
Obey all rules and restrictions.
Practice good sportsmanship.

6. Use the Right Equipment
Choose comfortable, non-binding clothes that are appropriate for the weather.
Wear well-fitting athletic shoes that are designed for your sport or activity.
Wear socks to cushion your feet and keep them dry.

7. The Right Equipment Cycling Equipment
Always wear a helmet that fits you properly.
Make sure your helmet is approved by Snell or ANSI.
Cycling Equipment
Use front and rear reflectors if you must ride at night.
Wear light-colored clothing with reflective patches.

8. Skating or Skateboarding Equipment
The Right Equipment
Helmet
Skating or Skateboarding Equipment
Knee and Elbow Pads
Gloves
Wrist Guards

9. The Right Equipment
For contact sports, male players should wear a cup to protect the groin.
For non-contact sports that involve running, male players should wear an athletic supporter.

10. The Right Equipment
Female players should wear sports bras.
Special adaptive equipment helps those with disabilities take part in a variety of sports, from bowling to golf.

11. The Right Equipment
Using the right safety equipment can protect you from injury during physical activity.

12. Watching the Weather
Check the weather and avoid exercising outside during extreme weather, such as thunderstorms or blizzards.

13. Watching the Weather

14. Tips for Cold-Weather Activity
Cold-Weather Risks
Tips for Cold-Weather Activity
Drink plenty of fluids. Cold air can lead to dehydration.
Warm up and cool down, even in cold weather.
If you have asthma, talk to your doctor before exercising outdoors in cold weather.
Cover your nose and mouth to prevent breathing cold, dry air.

15. Cold-Weather Risks
To treat frostbite, go to a warm place and thaw the affected areas with warm (not hot) water.
Frostbite
Damage to the skin and tissues caused by extreme cold

16. Cold-Weather Risks
Hypothermia can occur as a result of exposure to extreme cold, submersion in cold water, or wearing wet clothing in cold or windy weather.
Hypothermia
Dangerously low body temperature

17. Hot-Weather Risks
Heavy sweating while exercising in hot weather can lead to dehydration, or excessive loss of water from the body.
Drinking fluids before, during, and after physical activity can prevent dehydration.

18. Hot-Weather Risks
If you are exercising during hot weather, you may also need to replace sodium, chloride, and potassium.
Sports drinks will replace these elements.

19. Hot-weather health problems may lead to overexertion.
Hot-Weather Risks
Hot-weather health problems may lead to overexertion.
Overexertion
Overworking the body

20. Overexertion can cause heat exhaustion.
Hot-Weather Risks
Overexertion can cause heat exhaustion.
Heat exhaustion
A form of physical stress on the body caused by overheating

21. Hot-Weather Risks Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion Heavy sweating
Cold, clammy skin
Dizziness, confusion, or fainting
A weak, rapid pulse
Cramps
Shortness of breath
Nausea or vomiting

22. Hot-Weather Risks
To recover from heat exhaustion, rest in a shady area, douse yourself with cold water, and fan your skin.
If you don’t feel better within half an hour, seek medical help.

23. Hot-Weather Risks
If you recognize symptoms of heatstroke, call for medical help immediately and try to cool the person.
Heatstroke
A dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through perspiration

24. Sun and Wind Protection
Sun and wind can pose a hazard in both hot and cold weather and can lead to:
Skin Cancer
Eye Damage
Windburn
Sunburn

25. Coping with Injuries
You can treat minor sports injuries yourself, but major injuries require professional medical treatment.
You can identify and take action for both minor and major exercise-related injuries.

26. Minor Injuries Minor Injuries Blisters Muscle Cramps Strains
Tendonitis

27. Minor Injuries
Blisters are fluid-filled bumps caused by friction.
Well-fitting shoes and athletic socks can prevent blisters.

28. Minor Injuries
Muscle cramps can occur when muscles are tired, overworked, or dehydrated.
Muscle cramps
Sudden and sometimes painful contractions of the muscles

29. Minor Injuries
Warm up before exercise to reduce the risk of strains, which cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected muscle.
Strains
Overstretching and tearing a muscle

30. If it hurts to move a joint after you get a sprain, see your doctor.
Minor Injuries
If it hurts to move a joint after you get a sprain, see your doctor.
Sprains
injuries to the ligaments around a joint

31. Minor Injuries
Use the P.R.I.C.E. procedure to treat strains and minor sprains.
P.R.I.C.E. stands for Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.

32. Minor Injuries The P.R.I.C.E. Procedure
Protect the affected area with a bandage or splint to prevent further injury.
Rest the muscle or joint for at least a day.
Ice the affected area for 10 to 15 minutes at a time, three times a day for two days after the injury.
Compress the affected area to reduce swelling.
Elevate the injured area above the level of your heart to keep the swelling down.

33. Minor Injuries
Tendonitis is inflammation and swelling in the tendons, which are bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones.
Treatment may include rest, medication, physical therapy, and in rare cases, surgery.

34. Major injuries require immediate medical care.
Fractures are broken bones.
Dislocations occur when a bone pops out of its normal position in a joint.
A concussion is an injury to the brain that can result in a severe headache, unconsciousness, or memory loss.

35. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
What is the purpose of a health screening? How can it prevent injury during physical activity?
A health screening can identify diseases and disorders that could make participating in an activity unsafe.

36. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
How should frostbite be treated? What can you do to prevent frostbite?
Thaw the area with warm water. Frostbite can be prevented by wearing appropriate cold-weather clothing.

37. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
Name three symptoms of heat exhaustion.
Sample answer: heavy sweating, dizziness, and weak and rapid pulse