1. Notebooks Unit objective: Identify notebook components and features

2. Topic A Topic A: Notebook hardware components Topic B: Notebooks displays Topic C: Laptop features

3. Notebook computer Small size Light weight Standard client operation system Components modified from desktop Touchpad Keyboard Monitor

4. Typical notebook components CPU Memory Hard drive CD or DVD drive Monitor Keyboard Pointing device Network adapter Modem Peripheral ports One or more slots for expansion cards

5. Notebooks Not as easy to upgrade as desktops Little compatibility between manufacturers or within a manufacturer’s own lines Typically more expensive than desktops Designed to be small, lightweight, and portable

6. Netbooks Subcompact notebooks Smaller than regular notebooks Designed for wireless Internet use Lower processing power and storage capacity Easy to travel with Run variety of operating systems

7. Notebook batteries Vary in size and shape Provide 30 minutes to 8 hours of power

8. Battery types Nickel cadmium (NiCad) Nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) Zinc air Fuel cell

9. Power adapters External power cord and transformer Replacements must be model-specific 12-volt power adapters available Computer plug TransformerOutlet plug

10. Auto-switching Automatically switch between battery and AC power AC power supply connected, notebook runs on external power No AC power supply connected, notebook runs on battery –Runs on battery until fully discharged or connected to AC power supply OS monitors battery power and displays low-battery warnings

11. Power indicator lights Solid light Solid alternate-color light Blinking light

12. Notebook processors Engineered to: –Use less power –Generate less heat For up-to-date specs refer to manufacturers’ Web sites: –http://www.amd.com/us/products/notebook/ processors/Pages/notebook-processors.aspx –http://www.intel.com/products/laptop/ processors/index.htm NOTEBOOKCHECK Web site maintains CPU benchmarks for mobile processors continued

13. Notebook processors, continued Heat dissipation Power management –ACPI Sleep Hibernate Standby –Wireless network connectivity

14. Notebook drives Hard drive DVD or CD drive Typically no floppy DVD/CD drive might be RW Hard drive –Size: typically smaller than desktop –Small form factor: 2.5" drive –Uses less power than desktop drive –Often slower than desktop drive

15. LCD monitors LCD technology –Uses less power –Generates less heat –Takes up less space –Produces less glare

16. Notebook pointing devices Integrated pointing devices –Middle of keyboard –Below keys Types –Small pointer (like a joystick) with separate buttons; below Spacebar –Trackball –Touchpad

17. Touchpad Glide surface Left button Right button

18. Notebook ports USB and IEEE 1394 ports VGA, DVI, HDMI ports Memory card readers S-Video Volume controls Line out Microphone port Mute button Microphone port Mute button Volume controls Mute button Volume controls Mute button Line out Volume controls Mute button Line out Volume controls Mute button

19. Wireless communication Use to link devices: –PCs –Handheld computers –Music players Methods: –Infrared light –Radio waves –Bluetooth

20. Infrared Pulses of infrared light Up to 16 Mbps 1 meter range Direct line of sight No more than a 30-degree angle

21. IrDA port

22. Radio Modulated signals sent over radio waves Not line-of-sight Technologies with varying features –802.11n — Theoretical max. 300 Mbps; real-world speeds 100-140 Mbps –802.11g — Theoretical max. 54 Mbps; real-world speeds 22-24 Mbps RF = radio frequency –Uses antenna; sometimes hidden in case

23. 802.11n wireless router

24. Bluetooth Short-range radio (10 meters) Auto-discovery Self-configuring devices Includes an antenna, often hidden inside device Cell phones, PDAs, music players, etc.

25. Switches for wireless antenna

26. PC Card types Type I — 3.3 mm thick Type II — 5 mm thick Type III — 10.5 mm thick Type IV — 16 mm thick; not part of the PCMCIA standards

27. Type II PC Card

28. Bus connections CardBus Zoomed Video eXecute In Place ExpressCard

29. Notebook memory SODIMM –Approx. half size of regular DIMM –6.76 cm x 3.015 cm –72, 100, 144, 200 or 204 pins MicroDIMM –Smaller than SODIMM –4.25 cm x 2.5 cm –5.4 cm x 3.0 cm –144, 172, 214 pins

30. Replacing components Refer to manufacturer’s documentation to find panels or slots Document and label screw locations Organize parts Use appropriate hand tools

31. Hot-swappable components Can be added or removed without turning the computer off Technologies include: –PCMCIA –USB –IEEE 1394 –Fibre Channel –Serial ATA Supported in Windows and Linux

32. Inserting and removing PC cards Inserting –Insert straight into slot –Pins connect in back of slot Removing –Stop services by using Safely Remove Hardware icon –Press Eject button –Card pops out of slot

33. Card and socket services Metaformat or Card Information Structure Card Services Socket Services

34. Safely Remove Hardware

35. Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media

36. Non-hot-swappable components Require computer to be shut down Referred to as “coldplug” Often internal components –Memory –Hard disk Unplug the system and remove the battery Always follow ESD precautions

37. Mini PCI card Same functionality as PCI card, but smaller format Installed inside notebook

38. Mini PCI card

39. Mini PCIe cards Replacing the mini PCI card on mini- ITX system boards Smaller than mini PCI card by approximately half –30 mm x 51 mm 52-pin edge connector System board mini PCIe slot must support both ExpressCard and USB 2.0

40. Mini PCIe card

41. Upgrading memory Location in notebook varies by model and manufacturer Most modern notebooks use standard memory modules Some notebooks use proprietary memory When upgrading, consider shared video memory Configure shared memory in BIOS

42. Removing the hard drive

43. Replace an optical drive 1.Open drive tray slightly, turn off the notebook, disconnect power cord, remove battery 2.On case bottom, locate and remove screw locking drive in place 3.Slide drive out of socket 4.Insert the new drive 5.Replace locking screw

44. Keyboard 1.Remove screws holding bottom cover in place. 2.Remove cover. 3.Disconnect connectors that connect the keyboard cables to system board. 4.If keyboard held in by screws, remove the screws. If held in by plastic snaps, gently pry up the edge of the keyboard using a flat-head screwdriver. 5.Gently lift keyboard out. 6.Gently place new keyboard in place. 7.Connect cables to system board. 8.Replace bottom cover and reinsert any screws.

45. LCD panel and video inverter card Video inverter card – interface between LCD panel and system board If LCD monitor is dim – replace video inverter card If LCD is black – connect external monitor to notebook –External display works, LCD does not – replace LCD panel assembly –External display doesn’t work – replace video adapter card

46. Disassembling an LCD panel 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.If necessary, remove the keyboard. 3.If necessary, remove screws in the back of the notebook to release the hinge assembly. 4.Remove the hinge covers. 5.Lift the cover off the notebook. As you do so, disconnect any wires or cables that connect the LCD panel to the system board. continued

47. Disassembling an LCD panel, continued 6.Remove the screws that hold the LCD panel in the notebook’s top cover. 7.Remove the front bezel and rear cover from the LCD panel. 8.Remove the video inverter card. 9.Reverse the steps to reassemble and reattach the top with a new LCD panel, video inverter card, or both.

48. Other components CPU Heat sink Fan System board CMOS battery Touchpad or other pointing device Speakers Web camera DC jack Plastics

49. CPU, heat sink, fan 1.If replacing CPU, update the BIOS. 2.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 3.Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard. 4.Detach the LCD assembly from the bottom. 5.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. continued

50. CPU, heat sink, fan, continued 6.You might need to remove another component to gain access to the processor underneath. 7.Remove the heat sink. (Sometimes the fan and the heat sink will be part of the same cooling assembly.) 8.Unplug and detach the fan. 9.Following the manufacturer’s directions, remove the processor. 10.Remove any thermal compound residue from the bottom of the heat sink and processor (if not replacing the processor). continued

51. CPU, heat sink, fan, continued 11. Apply a thin layer of thermal compound and insert the new processor. 12. Reattach and plug in the original or a new system fan. 13. Reattach the original or a new heat sink (if not part of the same cooling assembly as the fan.) 14. Reassemble the notebook reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.

52. System board 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Remove the hard drive, optical drive, and memory. 3.Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard. 4.Detach the LCD display assembly from the bottom. 5.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. continued

53. System board, continued 6.Remove the internal components attached to the system board. 7.Remove the system board from the notebook. 8.Place the new system board in the computer, lining up cutouts for side ports, such as USB. 9.Replace the processor, remembering to remove any old thermal compound and to add new. continued

54. System board, continued 10.Replace the internal components. 11.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.

55. CMOS battery 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to remove the keyboard. 3.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. 4.Locate the CMOS battery on the system board. 5.Remove the battery. continued

56. CMOS battery, continued 6.Reassemble the notebook. 7.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source. 8.Turn on the computer and enter the CMOS utility. 9.Enter the BIOS settings. 10.Save settings and restart.

57. Touchpad 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to disassemble the bottom of the notebook where the system board is located. 3.Disconnect the touchpad’s cables. Make sure to label the cables, so you know where to reattach cables for the right and left mouse buttons. 4.Carefully remove the touchpad. 5.Insert new touchpad. continued

58. Touchpad, continued 6.Reattach the cables. 7.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.

59. Speakers 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to disassemble either the top cover of the notebook where the LCD screen is located, or the bottom of the notebook, where the system board is located. 3.Locate the speakers (in newer laptops that play stereo sound, there is typically a right and a left speaker) and gently lift them out, disconnecting the cables. continued

60. Speakers, continued 4.Connect the cables for the new speakers and place the speakers in their proper location. 5.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.

61. Web camera 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Remove the front bezel from the display panel. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for the exact steps to do this. 3.Carefully remove the Web camera, disconnecting its cable. continued

62. Web camera, continued 4.Insert a new camera and connect its cable. 5.Replace the front bezel. 6.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

63. Topic B Topic A: Notebook hardware components Topic B: Notebooks displays Topic C: Laptop features

64. Native resolutions XGA SXGA UXGA WXGA+ WSXGA+ WUXGA Active matrix technology used to provide highest resolution available

65. Display types LCD LED OLED Plasma

66. LCD technologies Transmissive Reflective Transflective

67. Backlighting CCFLs Incandescent lamps LEDs ELPs

68. Topic C Topic A: Notebook hardware components Topic B: Notebooks displays Topic C: Laptop features

69. Notebook keyboard Numeric keypad shares the letter keys Function keys have special functions, accessed with Fn key

70. Desktop features Peripheral ports on notebook Port replicator –Ports only, no slots, no drives Docking station –Ports –Slots for desktop cards –Bays for drives

71. Port replicator Front view: Notebook connector Rear view: Peripheral ports

72. Unit summary Identified notebook components and features