1. “It’s still all about geography!” Claire Spencer, Granger High School, West Valley City, Utah

2. Travel to and from the Holy Land went through Italy for most of the Crusaders. Italian city-states provided much of the transportation as well as a thriving trade. Ideas travel with trade goods.

3. Arab scholars had preserved the works of ancient Greeks and Romans that European Christians had destroyed as heresy. Europeans studied with Arab scholars and brought the work back to Europe.

4. Trade made the Italian city-states fabulously wealthy Competition between the city-states for status Available history. Italy is layered with ancient relics and ruins. Pride in the power of ancient Rome

5. Humanism was a new approach to learning that included history and languages. Artists used Greek and Roman history and Arab mathematics to create a new realism in their work.

6. Italy’s trade carried the new Renaissance ideas to France, England, Spain and the German States from when the Renaissance began in Italy in roughly 1400 A.D until Italy lost its trading dominance in the 1500’s.

7. In France the Renaissance is most obvious in architecture and some of the paintings. The Chateau de Chambord was built during the French Renaissance, using columns, domes and varying shapes that were used in ancient times in Italy.

8. German painting is combination of Renaissance realism and German religious feeling. This portrait of the Madonna and Child was painted by Albrecht Durer around 1520 and is a fine example.

9. The Spanish Renaissance mostly showed up in scholarship and architecture. The Escorial Palace was built by Philip II in the late 1500’s showing the domes and various shapes used in ancient Italian architecture.

10. The best evidence of the Renaissance in England are the works of William Shakespeare. England was also strong in portrait painting and architecture.

11. “Arab Scholars”. (2009, October 12). Downloaded from http://www.grouporigin.com/clients/qatarfoundation/photos/chapter2/photo_02_big.jpg Château de Chambord. (2009, October 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:12, October 12, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord&oldid=317340684 El Escorial. (2009, October 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:04, October 13, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Escorial&oldid=317189146 “Madonna and Child with Pear”. Durer, A. downloaded 12Oct2009 from http://www.virtualuffizi.com/uffizi1/cercals1.asp?Contatore=194 “Medieval Trade Fairs” downloaded 12Oct2009 from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/undergraduate/modules/hi127/programme/we stern/late_medieval_trade_routes.jpg “Renaissance Italy, 1350 – 1600” (2009, October 12), downloaded from http://www.onlyglobes.com/Map_of_Renaissance_Italy_1350_1600_p/um-30347.htm “The Crusades” map. (2009, October 12). Downloaded from http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/wc2_m016.jpg “The Last Supper” (Leonardo). (2009, October 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:04, October 13, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)&oldid=319534851 “Vitruvian Man”. (2009, October 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:16, October 13, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitruvian_Man&oldid=319484308 William Shakespeare. (2009, October 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:59, October 13, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Shakespeare&oldid=319440704