1. Structure of the Respiratory system

2. Respiratory system works with Cardiovascular system
Intakes oxygen
Releases carbon dioxide waste
Circulatory system:
Transports gases in blood between lungs and cells

3. Respiratory system anatomy

4. Task…
In order to gain a head start on the assessment you guys need to find a blank picture of the respiratory system and be able to label the following: nasal cavity; epiglottis; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchus; bronchioles; lungs (lobes, pleural membrane, thoracic cavity, visceral pleura, pleural fluid, alveoli); diaphragm; intercostal muscles (external and internal)

5. The Importance of the RS
If respiratory system and/or circulatory system fails, death will occur
Cells need O2 for work; release CO2 as a waste product
Accumulation of excess CO2 is toxic to cells and MUST be removed

6. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Nasal cavity
Space above and behind the nose
Made of cartilage and bone
Divided into 2 by a cartilaginous septum
Hairs within the nostrils filter out dust etc before air passes into two nasal cavities.
Designed to warm, moisten, and filter air before it passes to the nasopharynx
A mucous layer
Pharynx – (throat)
Funnel shaped
Connects to larynx and oesophagus
Small muscular tube
conducts food and air
exchanges air with Eustachian tube to equalize pressure

7. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Epiglottis
flap of cartilage that covers trachea
ensures food travels down the esophagus
Larynx – (voice box)
Connects the pharynx and the trachea.
Made of cartilage and muscle
contains vocal cords
Helps us to speak
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx

8. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
Trachea – (windpipe)
Tubular passageway (12 cm long 2 cm diameter) to carry air towards the lungs
C-shaped cartilage rings to keep it open
Divides at end into : Bronchi

9. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Bronchi
Pair of tubes that branch from trachea and enter lungs
Have cartilage plates to keep them open
Lining is ciliated & secretes mucus
By now air is warm, moist and free from most impurities
Each bronchi divides into
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
23 branches in total
Tree

10. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Bronchioles –
tiny tubes extend from the bronchi
lacking cartilage and cilia
possess smooth muscle
bronchiole
smooth muscle
They about 1mm diameter
Terminate in clusters of alveoli

11. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Lungs
Two cone shaped organs suspended in the pleural cavities
Surrounded by a pleural membrane
Made of elastic tissue
Divide into lobes
Right is larger as left has to accommodate the heart
This space is known as the cardiac notch

12. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Lungs - lobes
Each lung is divided into lobes.
The right lung has three lobes
The left lung has only 2 lobes.

13. Pleural Fluid Pleural membrane Visceral Pleura
Is the innermost of the two pleural membranes. It covers the surface of the lung
Pleural membrane
The lungs are surrounded by membranes known as pleura
These contain a cavity with fluid that lubricates the surfaces as the lungs expand and contract.
Their main job is to prevent friction and keep the lungs airtight,
Pleural Fluid
The pleural membrane produces pleural fluid, which fills the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. This lubricating fluid allows the lungs to glide over one another easily.

14. Thoracic Cavity
This is the full name for the chamber of the chest that is protected by the thoracic wall. It is protected from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

15. Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Alveoli
Around the bronchioles are 600 million alveoli in each lung.
Each one is in contact with a capillary
This is where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place.

16. Alveoli Provide a huge area for gas exchange
Cup shaped structures that resemble bunches of grapes
covered with SURFACTANT that keep them from collapsing
Provide a huge area for gas exchange

17. Respiratory Muscles Intercostal muscles Diaphragm
External intercostals
Contract to pull the rib cage up when we breathe in
Internal intercostals
Contract to pull the rib cage down when we breathe out
Attach between the ribs
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the ribcage
Breathing in - Contracts – flattens, making chest cavity larger and drawing air in.

18. Anatomy of the Respiratory system…
Air enters through the Mouth & Nose.
Passes through the Pharynx (back of throat).
Passes through the Larynx (responsible for your voice production).
Air passes over the Epiglottis (stops food going down our windpipe/trachea).
Air enters the Trachea, membranous tube that delivers air to the lungs.
Trachea divides into 2 Bronchi, one into each lung.
2 main Bronchi divide into Bronchioles, which further subdivide 23 times into 8 million bronchioles in each lung.
Around the Bronchioles you will find groups of air sacs called Alveoli (600 million in each lung).
Alveoli are the catalyst for gas exchange (O2 and CO2), as they are in contact with the capillaries.