1. Identify which civilizations made the following achievements, then describe each achievement in the margins of your map. East 360 degree circle Alphabet Bronze Calendar based on Nile River’s flood cycle Coined money Cuneiform Hieroglyphics Ironworks Medical advancements in surgery Mummification Number system based on 60 Papyrus Planned city (grid) systems Plow Pottery Pyramids Sail Sewer and plumbing systems Silk Wheel Writing symbol based on characters West “Mesoamerica’s mother culture” 260 day religious calendar Astronomy Astronomy (repeated intentionally) Ceremonial calendar Concept of zero Decimal system Earthen pyramids elaborate temples, palaces, and pyramids Elite ruling class of priests and nobles Extensive road system Irrigation systems that included underground canals Large stone monuments Large trade network throughout Mesoamerica Machu Picchu Nazca Lines Quipu Religious civilization featuring temples, religious images and styles of art Tenochtitlan Textiles and pottery Two separate calendars for the day and night

2. River Valley Civilizations Achievements Mesopotamia: – Plow – Pottery – Bronze – Wheel – Sail – Cuneiform – Number system based on 60 – 360 degree circle Phoenicians: – Alphabet Egypt – Mummification – Pyramids – Hieroglyphics – Papyrus – Calendar based on Nile River’s flood cycle – Medical advancements in surgery Indus River – Sewer and plumbing systems – Planned city (grid) systems Huang He: – Writing symbol based on characters – Silk – Coined money – Ironworks

3. Mesoamerica Achievements The prior civilizations are listed as the Olmecs in Mexico and the Chavin, Nazca, and Moche/Mochica in South America (Peru). The prior civilizations’ ideas and skills (achievements) helped shape the civilizations that followed. Olmecs: “Mesoamerica’s mother culture”, large stone monuments and earthen pyramids, elite ruling class of priests and nobles, large trade network throughout Mesoamerica Chavin: religious civilization featuring temples, religious images and styles of art spread throughout Peru Nazca: irrigation systems that included underground canals, textiles and pottery; Nazca Lines (large drawings on soil of their gods)

4. Mesoamerica Achievements Maya: – Astronomy: observe the movement of the sun, moon, and stars and relate these to the activities of their gods – mathematics 260 day religious calendar and concept of zero – architectural engineering elaborate temples, palaces, and pyramids Aztec: – astronomy and mathematics : ceremonial calendar – architectural engineering : Tenochtitlan designed as a planned city constructed on an island with raised causeways to the mainland; aqueducts to bring fresh water to the city; elaborate temples palaces, and pyramids Incas: – Astronomy: two separate calendars for the day and night – Mathematics: accounting device known as a quipu (knotted strings) and decimal system incorporating a system of governing – architectural engineering : elaborate temples and palaces, Machu Picchu, extensive road system, uniform system of architecture for government building in the empire