1. 2012 Mr. Belcastro Modern World History

2. 1. A. strengthening the importance of the family farm. 2. B. breaking large estates into smaller farms. 3. C. encouraging city dwellers to return to farming. 4. D. producing more food with fewer workers.

3. 1. created safety standards for machine workers. 2. led to techniques that increase crop production. 3. identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition. 4. proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

4. 1. Industrial Revolution. 2. Great Awakening. 3. French Revolution. 4. Enlightenment.

5. 1. A increasing unemployment. 2. B government ownership of businesses. 3. C wages and working conditions. 4. D racial and gender discrimination.

6. 1. workers’ wages. 2. machinery. 3. training. 4. marketing.

7. 1. It allowed the British to educate their workforce. 2. It provided funds to pay high wages to the new labor class. 3. It enabled British merchants to hire skilled foreign laborers. 4. It gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open new factories.

8. 1. European factory owners agreed to pay a higher price for American cotton. 2. European factory owners supported abolition of slavery to end the Civil War. 3. European factory owners turned to Egypt and India as new sources of cotton. 4. European governments intervened militarily to force the resumption of the trade in cotton.

9. 1. impressionism 2. realism 3. romanticism 4. surrealism

10. 1. colonial conflicts. 2. industrialization. 3. unionization. 4. parliamentary reforms.

11. 1. place to banish criminals. 2. sign of a country’s relative power. 3. location to train military forces. 4. method for suppressing nationalism.

12. 1. Agricultural advances increased the population and forced Japan to look for new land. 2. Japanese trade wars against the United States removed regional competition for colonies. 3. Industrialization allowed Japan to expend resources on military and colonial expansion. 4. The Japanese were forced to acquire colonies in Asia when European trade was banned.

13. 1. held large deposits of coal needed by British industries. 2. provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies. 3. served as a ship-building center for the British navy. 4. irrigated several cash crops in the British colonies.

14. 1. Nian Rebellion. 2. Boxer Rebellion. 3. Taiping Rebellion. 4. Sepoy Rebellion.

15. 1. control foreign influence. 2. educate the masses. 3. enter into alliances with other nations. 4. repel communist guerrillas.

16. 1. form a Marxist government in India. 2. convince his fellow Indians to support the Allies in World War II. 3. persuade Pakistanis to separate from India. 4. achieve India’s independence from Great Britain.

17. 1. establish democratic governments. 2. develop industrial economies. 3. retain their independence. 4. colonize other nations.