1. Chapter 21 Section 1
A Republican Decade

2. What kind of leadership were American seeking in the early 1920s?
Americans wanted strong, reassuring leaders who promised stability and prosperity.
Normalcy

3. Communism Government owns all land and property 1 political party
Needs of the country more important than the needs of the individual
Lenin sought to spread communism throughout the world
After Lenin came Josef Stalin whose brutal policies spread communism and killed tens of millions

4. Free Enterprise System
Economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of land or products

5. Red Scare A fear of communism and other radical ideas
Americans wanted communists jailed and deported

6. Why did Communism seem to pose a threat to capitalist (or free enterprise) nations?
Communism goes against everything people in a capitalist system believe in
No private property
One party government
Individual rights

7. A. Mitchell Palmer A. Mitchell Palmer-Attorney General of the U.S.
Had bomb mailed to his home
Became convinced that radicals were conspiring to overthrow the government
Began a campaign to hunt down radicals

8. What did A. Mitchell Palmer do in response to bombings that he suspected radicals to be responsible for?
Conducted raids and arrests against suspected subversives
Targeted Communists, socialists, and anarchists

9. The Palmer Raids
Palmer said there would be a general strike and widespread bombings on May 1, 1920
Newspapers predicted a major crisis
Never happened
Palmer lost influence and credibility

10. Why might some consider Palmer’s actions to be controversial or unconstitutional?
Arrested thousands, sometimes without evidence
Many of them eventually deported

11. Sacco and Vanzetti
2 men robbed and killed 2 men working at a shoe factory in 1920
Police arrest 2 Italian Immigrants for the crime
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Both men were anarchists

12. Sacco and Venzetti Both men were carrying guns
Sacco’s gun matched the one used at the crime
Many suspected that they were only arrested because they were immigrants and their political beliefs

13. What was Sacco and Vanzetti’s fate and why might there be a problem with it?
Both men found guilty
Trial may have been unfair
Evidence circumstantial
Judge used racial slurs
Both executed
Note: modern technology proved they committed the crime…so don’t feel too bad

14. Isolationism
Avoid economic and political alliances with foreign countries
Opposed League of Nations

15. How did the Red Scare contribute to America’s policy of isolationism in the 1920s?
Many of the suspected radicals swept up in the Palmer raids were immigrants
This contributed to the desire of Americans to adopt an isolationist stance

16. Disarmament
A program in which the nations of the world would voluntarily give up their weapons
A goal of President Harding

17. Nativism
A movement favoring native born Americans over immigrants

18. What are 4 reasons why nativism flared up after World War I?
Patriotism- believed foreigners could never be loyal to the U.S.
Religion- Protestants, Catholics, and Jews could not see eye to eye
Urban conditions- urban problems blamed on immigrants
Jobs-immigrants were taking them
RedScare

19. Quota A limit 1921 law passed to restrict immigration
Placed a quota on immigrants representing certain ethnic groups or nations

20. Teapot Dome Scandal Harding not involved…but his people were
Albert B. Fall (Secretary of the Interior) secretly gave oil drilling rights on government property to 2 private oil companies
Fall received $300,000 in illegal payments and gifts in return

21. Kellogg-Briand Pact
15 nations pledged not to use the threat of force in their dealings with other nations
60 nations eventually joined the pact
Basically made war illegal
Unrealistic and unenforceable

22. How did the Kellogg-Briand Pact reflect Republican foreign policy in the 1920s?
This pact reflected the republican desire to avoid foreign wars.