2. Karl Marx 1818 - 1883 Wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848

3. Communism A political and economic ideology –Government ownership of all land and property –A classless society where wealth is distributed according to people’s needs –A single political party controlled by the government –The country’s needs are always more important than the individual

4. Bolsheviks Communists rebels who overthrew the Russian government in Nov. 1917 Russian word for “majority” Led by Vladimir Lenin Their emblem was a red flag Their army was called the Red Army

5. Vladimir Lenin –Leader of 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

7. The Red Scare An intense fear of communism and other radical political ideas that spread through the U.S. in the 1920’s Triggered by Communist take-over of Russia and Hungary and labor strikes in the U.S. Suspected communists were arrested and charged with sedition. Many were jailed, removed from office, or exiled.

8. Sedition Any action or language that incites rebellion against the authority of the government

9. The Red Scare: Democracy in danger?

10. Anarchists People who oppose any form of political authority

11. The Palmer Raids January, 1920 Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer Justice Department conducted a series of raids to arrest “radicals” and “subversives” Over 6,000 people arrested Many immigrants and aliens No search or arrest warrants Some detained without being charged 100’s deported

12. Bartolomeo Vanzetti & Nicola Sacco

13. Sacco-Vanzetti Trial April 1920 – Braintree, MA Guard and paymaster at a shoe factory were robbed and killed 2 Italian immigrants were arrested Convicted and sentenced to death Many believed that it was fear of their radical anarchist political beliefs that led to an unfair verdict April 1927 - Both were electrocuted after years of appeals

14. The guilty verdict was protested internationally

15. How did American business owners keep American workers from violently rejecting capitalism for socialism

16. Welfare Capitalism In order to prevent more labor strikes, employers began to improve conditions by offering  Higher wages  Paid vacations  Health insurance  English classes

17. Warren G. Harding 29 th President 1921 – 1923 Republican From Ohio Campaign called for a return to “normalcy”

18. “Normalcy” Harding’s suggestion that the U.S. wished to return to a calm, normal way of life after the stressful events of the previous decade, such as Progressivism, World War I, and the Red Scare

19. Harding’s Policies Isolationism – U.S. would not join the League of Nations Disarmament – nations should voluntarily give up their weapons Immigration restrictions Tariffs raised to protect American business from foreign competition

20. Teapot Dome Scandal Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, gave drilling rights on government owned naval oil fields in Wyoming to 2 private oil companies Received nearly $400,000 illegally No evidence that Harding was involved Fall was fined $100,000 and sentenced to a year in prison

21. Teapot Dome, Wyoming Teapot Rock Teapot Dome Navel Oil Fields

22. Whom is this cartoonist blaming for the Teapot Dome scandal?

23. Calvin Coolidge 30 th President 1923 - 1929 Republican Massachusetts VP under Harding - Takes office when Harding dies in Aug. 1923 continued

24. Calvin Coolidge A man of few words – “Silent Cal” “The chief business of the American people is business.” Took a laissez-faire approach to business The government should leave business alone and let it grow

26. Consumer Economy An economy that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers

27. Larger profits for business Wages for workers increase People consume products Consumer Economy Cycle

28. GNP Increased Gross National Product The measure of a country’s productivity The total value of goods and services produced annually

30. New Electric Gadgets Available to the American Consumer Radios Toasters Vacuum cleaners Sewing machines Refrigerators Coffee pots Ovens Irons

32. 1920’s General Electric Electric Range

33. Catalogs sold everything for the home... including the home

34. And what was the greatest invention of the age?

35. Henry Ford 1896 – invented the quadricycle 1899 – started the Detroit Automobile Company – made 22 cars 1900 – business failed continued

36. Henry Ford 1901 – There were over 50 companies making cars, but only the wealthy could afford them Ford wanted to “democratize the automobile” by making them cheaper 1903 – Started the Ford Motor Company Mass produced the Model T using assembly line production

37. Ford and the 1921 Model T

38. Assembly Line A process in which each worker completes a single specific task in the production process At the end of the line, the product is complete It took 93 minutes to build a Model T In 1923, a Model T came off the assembly line every 10 seconds

39. Video: The Model T & Ford’s Assembly Line 100 year anniversary in 2008 5:00

40. Model T – 15 million sold between 1908 and 1927 1927 Model

41. 1923 Ford Grain Truck

42. Herbert Hoover 31 st President 1929 – 1933 Republican New York Continued to limit government control of big business