1. 1 Vitamins - are inevitable for regular function organism - they are essential, people can’t make them - divided to two groups: 1. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D, K) 2. Water-soluble vitamins (B1-B12, M, H, C)

2. 2 Vitamin A Retinol

3. 3 Vitamin A Functions - play an important role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division and cell differentiation - helps prevent or fight off infections by making white blood cells that destroy harmful bacteria and viruses Symptoms of deficiency - pancreatic disorder – pancreatic secrets enzymes are important for fat absorptions - twilight blindness - damage of teeth Resources - liver - milk and milk products - fruits and vegetables (provitamin)

4. 4 Vitamin B 1 Thiamine

5. 5 Vitamin B 1 Functions - needed to process carbohydrates, fat and proteins - nerve cells require him in order to function normally Resources - made by the bacteria that lines the gastrointestinal tract - cereal flour - potatoes - pulses Symptoms of deficiency - illness „beriberi“ - fatigue - cramps

6. 6 Vitamin B 6 Pyridoxine

7. 7 Vitamin B 6 Functions - is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. - the nervous and immune systems need him to function efficiently Resources - meat and liver - green vegetables Symptoms of deficiency - chronic pain, depressions, headache and Parkinson’s disease - slow healty inflammations

8. 8 Vitamin C Acidum ascorbicum

9. 9 Vitamin C Symptoms of deficiency - weight loss - dry skin - scurvy Functions - important for keeping body tissues - hydroxylation of collagen and steroids - it’s powerful antioxidant - helps your body resist infections Resources - hips - citruses - blackcurrant - green peppers

10. Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (D 2 )

11. 11 Vitamin D Symptoms of deficiency - osteoporosis - rickets - tooth decay Functions - hormone, which sends a message to the intestines to increase the absorption of calcium and phosphorus - helps to form and maintain strong bones and together with minerals and hormones to promote bone mineralization Resources - made in your body after exposure to ultraviolet rays from the Sun - milk and milk products, yeast (provitamins) - fish fat and oils

12. 12 Vitamin E α-tocopherol

13. 13 Vitamin E Functions - prevention of cancer, abortions and varicose veins - powerful biological antioxidant Resources - eggs, meat, milk - cereal sprouts - nuts - vegetable oils Symptoms of deficiency - liver cells failure - muscular metabolism and pregnancy disorder

14. 14 Vitamin K Phyllquinone(K 1 )

15. 15 Vitamin K Symptoms of deficiency - spontaneous haemorrhage - slow clotting of blood Functions - makes six of the 13 proteins needed for blood clotting Resources - made by the bacteria that line the gastrointestinal tract - green vegetables

16. 16 Heighten requirement of vitamins - by work with poisons and ionizing ray - in period of increase - in convalescence - in gravidity

17. 17 Vocabulary Inevitablenezbytný Harmfulnebezpečný Liverjátra Disorderporucha Requirebýt zapotřebí Gastrointestinaltrávicí Fatigueúnava Crampskřeče Involved inzapojený do Inflammationzánět Tissuetkáň Increaserůst Clottingsrážení Pulsesluštěniny Scurvykurděje