1. JOINTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

2. FUNCTIONS OF JOINTS Bind parts of the skeletal system Allow bone growth Allow growth of the brain Allow changes in shape during childbirth Enable movement

3. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS Based On Movement Synarthrotic—immovable Sutures of skull Amphiarthrotic—slightly movable Distal tibiofibular articulation Diarthrotic—freely movable Knee

4. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS Based on Construction Materials Fibrous CT holds bones together (distal tibiofibular joint) Cartilaginous Hyaline or fibrocartilage hold bones together (between manubrium and first rib) Synovial Presence of synovial membrane (knee)

5. FIBROUS JOINTS Dense CT holds bones together Types Syndesmosis Suture Gomphosis

6. (Fibrous) Syndesmosis Distal end of tibia and fibula Amphiarthrotic Amphiarthrotic

7. Suture Skull Synarthrotic Fibrous Joint

8. Gomphosis Tooth in its socket Synarthrotic

9. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS Synchondrosis Hyaline cartilage Epiphyseal disk (synarthrotic) Manubrium-1st rib (synarthrotic) Symphysis Fibrocartilage Symphysis pubis (amphiarthrotic) Intervertebral disk (amphiarthrotic)

12. Synovial Joint Diarthrotic—allow free movement Structurally complex Consist of: Articular cartilage Joint capsule Synovial membrane Synovial fluid

13. SYNOVIAL JOINT

14. SYNOVIAL JOINTS PIVOT BALL and SOCKET HINGE CONDYLOID SADDLE GLIDING

15. Pivot: Radio-Ulnar Joint Between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. Allows for pronation (palm turns posterior) and supination (palm turns anterior).

18. Range of Movement Abduction-Adduction Abduction is limited by greater trochanter hitting acetabulum Flexion-Extension Lateral, Medial Rotation

19. Ball and socket: Shoulder

20. Shoulder Movements Movement in 3 planes: Abduction - away from the body until vertical. Adduction -brings arms back toward body. Rotation Extensive range comes at the expense of joint stability. Rotator cuff muscles--movement and stabilization of the joint.

21. Hinge Joint Cartilage

22. Condyloid: Radio-Carpal Radius: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral

23. Wrist Movements Flexion-Extension Abduction, Adduction Articulations involved Radioulnar Intracarpal Radiocarpal

24. Metacarpophalangeal Joint Condyloid Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction

25. Saddle Joint Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction

26. GLIDING JOINT

27. Movements

28. More Movements

29. Still More Movements