1. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY 101 Connecting citizens to improve governance…

2. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Some questions… Comments or reactions to the video. What are your insights on SAc based on what you saw on the video? What is the feasibility of doing similar actions in Mongolia, given your contexts?

3. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context A growing consensus… Poor governance is a, if not THE, principal obstacle to the achievement of poverty reduction and other critical human development goal.

4. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context A growing consensus… Good governance – transparent, accountable, participatory, effective – cannot be achieved by governments alone. Good governance requires strong, effective government AND the active participation of citizens and civil society organizations.

5. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context Why is participatory governance important? Because human and citizen rights are not respected Because ordinary citizens – especially women, poor people, marginalized groups – are largely excluded from governance processes that directly affect their lives

6. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context Why is participatory governance important? Because there is lack of adequate information Because there is lack of awareness and acknowledgment of human citizens rights Because of inadequate opportunities for meaningful dialogue and negotiation with public actors

7. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context Countries now recognize the importance of participatory governance by… Enhancing citizen access to essential public information Strengthening citizen voice Promoting active citizen participation in governance processes Empowering citizens to hold government accountable – to negotiate for change

8. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context Concrete benefits of participatory governance… Improved governance – transparency, responsiveness, and accountability Enhanced development – more responsive programs and more efficient and equitable service delivery Citizen empowerment – enhanced citizen information, voice and influence Concrete benefits to state actors – legitimacy, popularity, stability, and resources

9. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 The Context PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE Empowering citizens to influence and share control in processes of public decision-making that affect their lives Citizens have the right and the responsibility to contribute to processes of public decision- making At the heart of participatory governance: citizen empowerment and active citizenship

10. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 WHAT IS SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY? Connecting citizens to improve governance…

11. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101

12. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Decision-making and enforcement follow set rules and regulations Information is freely available for those who will be affected by decisions Information is adequate, relevant, easily understandable

13. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Those in power are answerable to those who will be affected by the former’s decisions and actions They are responsive to the needs of the citizens from whom their power is derived

14. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Involvement of citizens in decision-making and in efforts to improve their conditions Citizens are free to associate, capacitate themselves, and express their interests and views

15. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY Organized and capable citizens engaging constructively with government to monitor its decisions and actions toward better delivery of public services, improvement of people’s welfare, and protection of people’s rights.

16. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Building Capacities for SAc (Mutual Learning in Action) Concept Application (situation oriented) Reflection STRUCTUREDLEARNING Enhanced knowledge and skills to improve SAc practice Increased ownership of SAc approach & practice

17. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Constructive Engagement: What It Is Not Destroying institutions Unilateral Co-optation Confrontation for confrontation’s sake

18. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Constructive Engagement: What It Is Citizen groups and government Evidence- or information-based Results- or solutions- oriented Sustained and sustainable engagement

19. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 SAc: Monitoring the PFM Public Finance Management Cycle DEVELOPMENT PLANNING BUDGET FORMULATION EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING & EVALUATION

20. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Participatory Planning NAGA CITY PEOPLE’S COUNCIL Empowerment ordinance of 1995 which institutionalized NCPC Vote and participate in deliberations on design, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs Outputs: Naga City River Watershed Plan, Naga City Waste Management Plan, City Health Development Plan

21. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Budget Monitoring NGO FORUM, CAMBODIA Performed monitoring and analysis of the national budget from 2004 to 2006 Key findings: Share of budget items for “pro-poor” programs and services have decreased; national budget is not aligned with development plan; limited information on actual spending by ministries Outputs: Established working relations with government officials, promoted awareness of national budget process

22. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Participatory Expenditure Tracking CONCERNED CITIZENS OF ABRA FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE (PHIL) CCAGG works out a plan with the concerned government agency to monitor spending on and implementation of infrastructure project CCAGG organizes monitoring teams from the beneficiaries of proposed project and trains them in field-based monitoring work Organization unearthed several anomalies in implementation of infrastructure projects

23. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Participatory Performance Monitoring BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF GOVERNANCE STUDIES (BIGS) Conducted surveys, seminars, FGDs with urban poor to measure effectiveness and gender- responsiveness of government’s housing policy. BIGS also documented slum conditions by taking photos and videos of these areas. Key findings/results: Local government’s budget and housing policy did not effectively address urban poor problem; networking with local government and other stakeholders to address urban poor problem.

24. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 For Social Accountability to be effective, it requires enabling conditions, also called the Four Pillars of Social Accountability.

25. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101

26. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 THE AFFILIATED NETWORK FOR SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ANSA-EAP) THE AFFILIATED NETWORK FOR SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ANSA-EAP) Connecting citizens to improve governance…

27. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Roles and Initiativ es Way of working Core advocacy (SAc framing & tools)

28. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Government – internal reform CSOs – Expose, oppose, and partner Constructive engagement thru SAc Situation and Context DIVERSE AND COMPLEX History Socio-political milieu Economy Governance Culture DIVERSE AND COMPLEX History Socio-political milieu Economy Governance Culture

29. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 To help improve the demand side of good governance by mainstreaming the SAc approach in East Asia and the Pacific especially in the various programs, interventions and actions of CSOs and citizen groups as they engage government to improve service delivery, enhance welfare promotion, and strengthen the protection of citizens’ rights.

30. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 Build a constituency for SAc through a process of institutional network formation among SAc stakeholders (especially CSOs and citizen groups) engaging government and strengthening their capacity to undertake monitoring of public sector performance.

31. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia  Indonesia  Philippines  Mongolia Social Accountability 101 MAINSTREAMING SAc IN EAST ASIA-PACIFIC ANSA-EAP FOCUS AREAS GEOGRAPHICGEOGRAPHIC THEMATICTHEMATIC CambodiaCambodia IndonesiaIndonesia MongoliaMongolia PhilippinesPhilippines Procurement Monitoring Local Service Delivery Education- Roads-Health Extractive Industry Networking Facility Capacity Builder Information Gateway Resource Mobilizer Knowledge Catalyst