1. GROUP 4 PROJECT HAYLEY, MEHAR, FRASER, MICHAEL JASPAL & RYAN

2. PURPOSE What is the effect of distance from a water source (due to change in moisture content), on energy in the surrounding environment – looking at the heat capacities, pH and soil organic matter?

3. COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE DATA

4. DISTANCE FROM WATER AND MOISTURE CONTENT

5. PH OF SOIL IN RELATION TO MOISTURE CONTENT

6. HEAT CAPACITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT

7. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND MOISTURE CONTENT

8. Comparing All Different Factors

9. OUR CONCLUSIONS Increase Moisture Content towards Waterfall Both pH and Soil Organic Matter increased, whereas Heat Capacity decreased Inverse Relationship Direct relationship between pH and Soil Organic Matter

10. PROCESS

11. DISTANCE: 0 METERS Mosses Roots Very moist 2 small ferns Dark soil Pine needles Angiosperm seeds More sunlight

12. DISTANCE: 1 METER Less moss Very moist Rocks More tree branches Deciduous (3) and coniferous leaves

13. DISTANCE: 2 METERS Pine cones (7) Tree roots 7 deciduous leaves Pine needles Less direct sunlight

14. DISTANCE: 3 METERS More direct sunlight Drier soil Soil was loose and less compact More debris Tree branches Pine cones Some moss

15. DISTANCE: 4 METERS Grass is present Moss Pine needles Pine cone bits Possible angiosperm seedlings Rocks ~15% direct sunlight 11 pinecones Less organic soil matter – trail route (more compact) Temperature probe was not fully in drier soil

16. CALCULATIONS & LAB WORK

17. SAMPLE CALCULATION: HEAT CAPACITY

18. SAMPLE CALCULATION: MOISTURE CONTENT

19. SAMPLE CALCULATION: SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

20. LIMITATIONS AND REFLECTION

21. LIMITATIONS, IMPACTS, AND IMPROVEMENTS LimitationImpact on DataHow To Improve Assumption of Constant Light Intensity Temperature Impact on biodiversity Evaporation Constant light conditions Measure light intensity as a factor Assumptions of Constant Energy Loss and Even Energy Distribution (150 Watts to each soil sample) Processed data will be less precise (systematic error) Increase in number of trials Controlled environment Soil Compaction was not taken into account in data analysis More compact soil will have greater heat retention Collect samples from more isolated areas with no human interference Sample Size Did not get a full, accurate idea of soil in the environment Take more samples of soil to reduce random errors

22. FURTHER EXPERIMENTATION Simpsons Diversity Index Testing multiple locations Testing samples of matter other than soil (ex. Leaves)

23. THANK YOU!!

24. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Fraser Christian: Measurement and Calculation of heat capacity, SOM & Moisture Data collection Michael Ji: Measurement of Heat Capacity, Ideas for further investigation, SOM experimentation, Theorizing and hypothesizing Mehar Kang: Measurement of pH, SOM, and Moisture Content; Presentation Preparation Ryan Matsuda: Soil sample collection, moisture content experimentation, SOM experimentation, Evaluating limitations Hayley McIntyre: Soil sample collection, Calculation of SOM & moisture content, Powerpoint & pictures Jaspal Sanghera : Soil sample collection, SOM and Moisture content experimentation