1. An Interdisciplinary 3D Cadastre Development Project in Practice
An Interdisciplinary 3D Cadastre
Development Project in Practice
 Joseph FORRAI and Gili KIRSCHNER
Survey of Israel

2. OUTLINE 1. RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND 2. THE 3DCad R&D PROJECT
3. A SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITY
4. THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
STAFF
5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6. THE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST PROJECT-SEMESTER
7. THE BASIC CONCEPT
8. PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BE
COMPLETED
9. NEAR FUTURE TASKS
10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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3. RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND
Israel is a small and very crowded country, where land available for construction is limited and expensive even at the present.
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4. Area: 22 000 sq.km. 480 (not including West Bank and Gaza strip) 95% 4 6 8 10 12 14
MILLION
INHABITANTS
YEARS
POPULATION
(FACTS AND TREND)
480
6660
Inhab./sq.km.
95%
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5. Government resolution of 1999/144: “The Minister of Justice … is to submit proposed guidelines for … more efficient land use, including subterranean space…
…a solution for ownership problems, registration of rights and surveying…” should be developed also for underground space.
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6. 2. THE 3DCad R&D PROJECT
The main goal: elaboration of regulations and standards regarding a digital, three-dimensional cadastral system, including registration of rights in strata.
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7. The budget: some 0.8 million US $ - approved by the Treasury.
(Professional and management preparations for forming an interdisciplinary R&D staff began in the middle of 2002.)
The staff started working on September 1, 2002.
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8. 3. A SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITY The high court of appeals decided:
-an order to expropriate land for public benefit (for the purpose of the Haifa Carmel-Tunnels)
was illegal because (inter alia) of the absence
of exact descriptions and measurements of
property.
-there is no legal objection to order a partial
vertical expropriation.
-the Land Law should be adjusted in order to
comply with the changing needs and the
improvement of technology.
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9. 4. THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH STAFF
Project Manager - a leading cadastre expert.
3DCad geodesy expert - a candidate for Ph.D.
degree at Israel Institute of Technology.
GIS expert - well experienced in academy research and education.
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10. Urban planner and architect - a leading professional in Israel
Urban planner and architect - a leading professional in Israel. Well versed in legal aspects of various planning issues.
Underground engineering expert - geologist, mining- and civil engineer, well experienced in underground development.
A legal (real property) expert - having outstanding knowledge in urban planning laws and commercial practice.
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11. 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT R&D TEAM Coordinator: The Project Manager
Underground engineering expert
Urban planner, architect
Lawyer – real property expert
Cadastral and GIS- experts
Modi'in site surveyor
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12. - Elaboration of a realistic 3DCad concept.
6. THE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST PROJECT-SEMESTER
- Elaboration of a realistic 3DCad concept.
- Creation of provisional regulations for
surveying, mapping, processing and
managing digital 3DCad data, integrated with
National GIS database, including legal,
engineering and planning constraints and/or
their necessary changes.
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13. - Establishment of an initial 3DCad database frame.
- Characterization of an engineering and planning
expert system, instructing the user according to the
designation, status, etc. of the spatial land property.
- Preparation of specific instructions for practical
experiments.
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14. 7. THE BASIC CONCEPT - a partial list of the principal points
a. Registration of rights in space will be carried out by
dividing the three dimensional space belonging to
the surface parcel, into spatial sub-parcels, above or
below the surface parcel.
b. Any above- or underground construction
will be bounded by a "spatial envelope" having a
simplified geometry.
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15. The division of space, definitions (1) (Design :Eri Goshen)
Above-surface space
Sub-surface
space
The division of space, definitions (1) (Design :Eri Goshen)
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16. The division proposed (example) (Design: Eri Goshen)
2D scheme
3D scheme
The division proposed (example) (Design: Eri Goshen)
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17. c. Each spatial sub-parcel belongs to the surface
parcel and block, below or above it.
d. Physical objects which spread out into a number of above- ad/or under-surface space of surface parcels, will be subdivided into a number of spatial sub-parcels defined by existing surface parcels. (The unification of these object parts into one unit will be considered.)
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18. Carmel Tunnel – under the block no. 10882
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19. Parcels to be (partially) expropriated for public benefit in sub-surface space in block no. 10882
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20. Carmel Tunnel spatial sub-parcels in sub-surface space – under the block no. 10882
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21. The division of space, definitions (2) (Design: Eri Goshen)
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22. Eri Goshen) :Categories of rights to land is space (Design
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23. 6203 / 100
6203 / 100 / + / 0 / 1
6203 / 100 / - / 0 / 2
6203 / 100 / - / 1 / 3
Surface parcel
Spatial sub-parcel in sub-surface space (not in touch with the surface parcel
Spatial sub-parcel in sub-surface space (in touch with the surface parcel)
Spatial sub-parcel in above-surface space (in touch with the surface parcel)

24. 8. PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BE COMPLETED
Three experiments of practical applications:
- the old city of Acre
- a new urban center of Modi'in (presently in
planning)
- the center of Tel-Aviv (an existing modern building
complex)
These three sites represent three different cadastral realities and a range of various problems.
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25. Typical site in Acre old city
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26. Modi'in site (planned city center)ׁ
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27. Africa-Israel building. By courtesy of Mr. R.Grinstein
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28. Africa-Israel building image reconstructed by measured data
Africa-Israel building image reconstructed by measured data. By courtesy of Mr Ronen Grinstein.
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29. - The basic, conceptual ideas established will be
9. NEAR FUTURE TASKS
- The basic, conceptual ideas established will be
tested by practical applications
- An extensive juridical investigation and
verification of the proposed model and its
application will be carried out
- Spatial data management and visualization
alternatives will be tested, chosen and applied
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30. 10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors thank all the people involved in the 3DCad activity in Israel for their contribution.
Special thanks to 3DCad R&D staff members (in alphabetical order): Mr. Moshe Benhamu, Dr. Shaul Denekamp, Dr. Yair Gabay, Mr. Eri Goshen and Mr. Uri Shoshani. Thanks to Mr. Eri Goshen, Mr. Armi Grinstein and Mr. Ronen Grinstein for the figures, to Dr. Ron Adler for his comments and help, and to Ms. Noa Mitzner for preparing the slides.
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