1. Eric Badillo, Vince Bobbitt, Joe Martens, Joe Nelson
16.2 War in the East
Eric Badillo, Vince Bobbitt, Joe Martens, Joe Nelson

2. The First Battle of Bull Run
Joe Nelson & Vince Bobbitt

3. Facts
People came to watch battle in a holiday mood, happy and cheery, they thought the Union was going to pull off a quick win
Union had 35,000 barely trained soldiers led by Brigade Gen. Irvin McDowell
Confederate had 22,000 troops
For 2 days, Union troops tried to avoid Confederate troops and cross the creek Bull Run, and Confederates got reinforcements at the time
July 21, battle began
  “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” cried one southern officer, and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson earned his famous nickname.

4. Facts Continued The Confederates let out their “rebel yell”
It was really terrifying and many Union soldiers fled
Union soldiers tried to retreat orderly, but road was clogged with spectators
The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the Civil War, and the Confederates’ victory.
The battle is also known as the First Battle of Manassas
Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly

5. The Result
The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln to get a better army, so he put hopes in General George B. McClellan
McClellan assembled an army of 100,000 men and trained them
The army was called the Army of the Potomac

6. The Seven Days’ Battles
Joe Martens

7. Peninsular Campaign
Peninsular Campaign – General George B. McClellan’s plan to capture Richmond, the Confederate capitol
Moved slowly in the peninsula between the James & York Rivers
South feared reinforcements – sent Stonewall Jackson to attack Washington
Attack stopped, but prevented Union reinforcements

8. Seven Days’ Battles
Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate Army in Virginia in 1862
Attacked the Union Army near Richmond – Seven Days’ Battles
Forced Union Army to retreat
Lee saved Richmond
Not all attacks won by Confederates: General D. H. Hill said of one failed attack, “It was not war—it was murder”

9. The Second Battle of Bull Run
Joe Nelson

10. Second Battle Of Bull Run
After the Seven Days’ Battles, Lincoln told General John Pope to march on Richmond
Pope told his soldiers, “Let us look before us and not behind. Success and glory are in the advance.”
Stonewall Jackson wanted to stop Pope from reaching the Army of the Potomac
They met up and fought the Second Battle of Bull Run

11. The Second Battle Of Bull Run Continued
First Day-Captain George Fairfield recalled, “What a slaughter! No one appeared to know the object of the fight, and there we stood for one hour, the men falling all around.”
Second day-Pope tried to crush Confederates, but failed, heavy casualties occurred on both sides
Third Day- Union got crushed very hard

12. Result Confederates won a great victory
Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North
Tried to get victory on Northern soil
BAM!
Antietam happened!

13. Battle of Antietam
Joe Martens

14. Robert E. Lee Born in 1807 in Virginia Fought in Mexican-American War
After start of Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln asked him if he would like to lead the Union Army
Lee declined and, after resigning from the Union Army, became general for Confederate Army

15. Battle Plan Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted victory in North
On September 4, 1862, 40,000 Confederate troops came into Maryland, a Union state
Lee divided army: about 20,000 troops went to Harpers Ferry, Virginia under Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, defeated the Union force and captured the town
Lee and his half of the army went to Fredrick, Maryland and Lee issued a Proclamation to the People of Maryland; to try to get the townspeople to join the Confederates
However, the people stayed with the Union
Union troops found a copy of Lee’s plan, left at an abandoned camp

16. Meeting Up
General George B. McClellan’s Union forces met Lee’s Confederate troops along Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862
Battle lasted for a day
Union lost 12,000 soldiers
Confederacy lost 13,000 men
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in United States history
Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg
More soldiers killed or wounded than combined deaths of Americans in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War
Important Union victory - stopped Lee’s northern advance

17. Breaking the Union’s Blockade
Eric Badillo

18. Breaking the Union’s Blockade
Fought for control of the land
The Union navy controlled the sea
North had most of the U.S. Navy’s small fleet
Naval officers remained loyal to Union
Had enough industry to build more ships
Navy quickly mobilized to set up a blockade of southern ports
Prevented South from selling or receiving goods
Hard to maintain - Union navy patrolled thousands of miles of coastline from Virginia to Texas
South used small, fast ships to out-run the larger Union warships
Naval fleet traveled to the Bahamas or Nassau
Reduced number of ships entering southern ports (6,000 to 800 per year)

19. Clash of the Ironclads Confederacy turned to ironclads
ships made with iron
Confederates captured Union steamship
The Merrimack (Union steamship) turned into an ironclad and renamed the Virginia
sank two Union wooden warships
The Union navy built its own ironclad called the Monitor
Built by John Ericsson with unusual and new features
Powerful weapons and thick plating
The Virginia and the Monitor fought and the Monitor forced the Virginia to retreat
Victory saved Union fleet - continued the blockade
The ironclads made a revolution of iron naval warfare