1. From Appomattox to Reconstruction and Beyond Developed by: Todd Goodwin Bob Jones Marilyn Zavorski Applewild School Fitchburg, MA Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA Teaching American History: Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction July 2005

2. Focus: Reconstruction and Redemption in the South, 1868-1877 The Legacy of the Civil War and Reconstruction Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA Teaching American History: Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction July 2005

3. This slide show advances automatically. Use the mouse or arrow keys to go back or forward for review.

4. The McLean family, who had moved from Manassas Junction after two major battles destroyed their farm in northeastern Virginia, started a new life in the quiet western Virginia town of Appomattox Court House. They still could not escape the war. On April 9, 1865...

5. General Grant and General Lee meet in the McLean’s parlor to arrange the surrender of Lee’s army. Though there were a few last scattered battles in other places, historians consider this surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia the end of the Civil War.

6. Lee’s hungry men were allowed to return to their homes and farms to face an uncertain future.

7. There was jubilation in the North. http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html

8. President Lincoln visited captured Richmond and was greeted as an emancipator by former slaves (Freedmen) and free blacks alike.

9. There were refugees all over the South, black... Black family finds safety among Federal soldiers. Historical photo: Library of Congress

10. and white.

11. The South lay in ruins from its transportation system...

12. to its economy and banking system, to its agricultural system,

13. to its few factories, and its churches and public buildings.

14. Ruins in Charleston, S.C. Photographer: George N. Barnard http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html

15. Richmond, VA - City ruins, looking east from the canal basin. Photographed after the city surrendered, April 3, 1865. Historical photo: Library of Congress

16. In Washington, D.C. people were thankful that the war was over and hopeful for Reconstruction. However, on Good Friday evening, 1865, at Ford’s Theater...

17. while watching the play, Our American Cousin, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. http://www.civilwarphotos.net/files/images/202.jpg

18. Washington, D.C. - John Wilkes Booth jumps from the presidential box after shooting President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, April 14, 1865. Drawing: Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, May 6, 1865

20. President Lincoln's funeral car. April 1865 Photographer: Andrew J. Russell. http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html The nation mourned its slain leader.

21. John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln’s assassin, was killed resisting arrest in northern Virginia. His co-conspirators, such as this man Lewis Powell, who had attacked Secretary of State Seward, were rounded up and brought to trial.

22. In May of 1865 the Union Army came to Washington, D.C. for a grand review before returning home.

23. Infantry units passing on Pennsylvania Avenue near the Treasury. Grand Review of the Army. Washington, D.C., May 1865. Mathew Brady, Photographer (Library of Congress)

24. Washington, D.C. - Execution of four conspirators in Lincoln's assassination – Lewis T. Powell, Mary E. Suratt, David E. Herold and George A. Atzerodt. Original photo by Alexander Gardner. Historical photo: Library of Congress

25. Meanwhile Reconstruction was under way with thousands of southerners swearing allegiance to the Union.

26. “Franchise, And Not This Man?” Harper’s Weekly. August 5, 1865, p. 489 The country debated what was to become of the former slaves called Freedman.

27. “The First Vote” Harper’s Weekly November 16, 1867 Under Congressional Reconstruction the Freedmen were given the right to vote in the South.

28. However, some southerners had other ideas for the Freedmen. http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/images/early-kkk-l.jpg

29. Harper’s Weekly 1874 http://edusolution.com/myclassroom/classnotes/reconstruction/USAkkk.jpg

30. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, many whites sought a return to pre-Civil War social structures. Under the Jim Crow system Freedmen lost many rights, such as suffrage, and they were forced into low-paying jobs, such as tenant farming and sharecropping. In effect they were treated as second- class citizens... http://www.literacyrules.com/jim_crow2.htm

31. http://instruct.westvalley.edu/kelly/Distance_Learning/History_17B/Lecture02/Lecture02_p04.htm or worse!

32. Tuesday, July 26, 2005 July 26, 2005 Click on the image below to view USA Today’s 1946 lynchings re-enacted. Close the website and advance this slide show with the arrow key. X

33. This discrimination and segregation continued into the 1950’s and 1960’s. The Civil Rights Movement resumed the quest for freedom and equality begun during Reconstruction.

34. Rosa Parks’ civil disobedience triggered the Montgomery, AL, bus boycott.

35. The dream continues.

36. Image credits Miller, Francis Trevelyan, ed., Photographic History of the Civil War, 10 volumes, Springfield, MA: Patriot Publishing, 1911. (brown-tint images) Civil War ClipArt CD by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier, CA Civil War Picture CD by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier, CA http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brady-photos/ http://www.civil-war.net/http://www.civil-war.net/ excellent http://civilwarclipart.com/Clipartgallery/clipart1.htm http://www.civilwarphotos.net/files/images/202.jpghttp://www.civilwarphotos.net/files/images/202.jpg excellent http://classroomclipart.com/ http://216.247.171.108/Clipartgallery/illus.html http://instruct.westvalley.edu/kelly/Distance_Learning/History_17B/Lecture02/Lecture02_p04.htm http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/085_disc.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/085_disc.html excellent: Civil Rights http://www.mdhs.org/library/Z24CivilWar.htmlhttp://www.mdhs.org/library/Z24CivilWar.html excellent http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/civilrights/learn_more.html#reconstruction excellent: Slavery to Civil rights http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html http://www.tennessee-scv.org/Camp1513/clipart.htm http://www.wisegorilla.com/images/civilwar/civilwar.html These websites may be opened by clicking on them. Press Esc to end program