1. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Management & Practices Asssitant Engineer (Mech)
Er. Chinmoy Chakraborty
Asssitant Engineer (Mech)
Agartala Municipal Corporation

2. What is MSW
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbage consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food 2

3. What is MSW
habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tones of solid waste, in 2012 it is about 160 million tones. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Municipal Solid Waste does have four broad category-Organic, Toxic, Recyclable, BMW.

4. Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
What is MSW
Organic Waste : kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits etc.
Toxic Waste : Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer pesticide containers, batteries etc.
Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
BMW : Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.

5. Approximate Decomposition Time of Waste
Type of Waste
Degeneration Time
Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc.
a week or two.
Paper
10–30 days
Cotton cloth
2–5 months
Wood
10–15 years
Woolen items
1 year
Tin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans
100–500 years
Plastic bags
one million years
Glass bottles
undetermined

6. Management for MSW
Management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal, monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetic. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances.

7. Management for MSW
Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

8. MSW Management Transfer Station (Compaction) 56% Compost (14%) 30%
Open Dumping
Scientific Dumping
Transfer Station
Resource Recovery
Transfer Station
(Compaction)
Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic
56%
7.0
Compost (14%)
30%
98 %
NH4
SANITARY LANDFILL
OPEN GROUND
16.0
Ground Water

9. Disposal & Processing
MSW rules 2000 clearly specifies “DISPOSAL” in terms of the specified manner so as to prevent contamination of ground water, surface water and ambient air quality.
ULB’s responsibility is to adopt suitable technology of combination of technologies to make use of waste so as to minimize the burden of landfill. 9

10. Disposal & Processing Few Technology Options: Technology Status
Sanitary Landfill with recovery of organic waste
A good option. Most of the Ulbs are adopting this option.
Vermiculture
Practical for small volume of waste. Large area is required.
Power Generation through bio-methanation
Can be used for source segregated food waste with low CN ratio
An aerobic digestion for organic manure
There is a risk factor of waste water discharge 10

11. Modern Sanitary Landfill11

12. Disposal and Processing Landfill Structure12

13. Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities
Disposal and Processing
Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities
Approach Roads
Weigh Bridge
Administrative Building & Laboratory
Site Drainage
Leachate Collection & Treatment
Landfill Gas Collection
Monitoring Network 13

14. Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly
Disposal and Processing
Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly
covered condition by using Compactors etc.
All carried waste are initially be stacked on
concrete yard protected by surrounding
drainage system.
Entire quantity of waste collected passes through
the processes -
Sanitization 14

15. Bioconversion & value enhancement Segregation of recyclable item
Disposal and Processing
Bioconversion & value enhancement
Segregation of recyclable item
Bio degradable waste (moisture content < 20%) finally goes to mechanical plant
Mechanical plant does have certain process where further segregation is done while waste moves through different sizes trommel/scanner. 15

16. Closed Box or Tunnel Method Windrow Composting with weekly turning for
Disposal and Processing
Types of Compost
Trenching Method
Anaerobic
Enclosed Hall Method
Closed Box or Tunnel Method
Windrow Composting with weekly turning for
aeration either by lifting ,shifting or turning 16

17. Disposal and Processing
Compost Plant with Trommel & Conveyor 17

18. Disposal and Processing
Landfill
After the composting process is over the rejects are taken to the Landfill in which no. of cells are made to run for a certain period.
The base liner of each cell at initial layer is a composite liner comprising of 50 cm highly compacted soil.
Over this a Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is used to prevent ground water pollution. 18

19. Disposal and Processing
Landfill
A 1.5 mm HDPE Geo membrane is placed over the GCL. Leachate collection system is placed over the Geo-membrane with other additional layers of Gravel, Geo Textile etc. to make it perfectly impermeable. 19

20. Disposal and Processing
Closure
After the Landfill Cell is fully filled up it is to be properly capped. The various layers are placed on the waste as gravel of 200 mm thick, soil layer 600 mm thick, 1 mm thick HDPE liner. Over that a 150 mm gravel layer is placed as a drainage layer then a soil layer of 400 mm thick is placed for vegetation, plantation etc. for a pleasing look 20

21. Disposal and Processing
Landfill site after Scientific Closure 21

22. Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa.
Disposal and processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :
Primary Collection
Road Sweeping
D2D Collection
Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa.
Handling of other waste
Construction Debris
Drainage silt 22

23. Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking Waste Segregation
Disposal and Processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :
Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking
Waste Segregation
Waste Processing
Compost Plant
Sanitary Landfill with Leachate Treatment.
Handling of BMW.
Education & Awareness 23

24. AN OVERVIEW OF SWM OF AGARTLA24

25. Generation Quantity/Day
Statistics
Source of Waste
Generation Quantity/Day
Household
80 MT/Day
Street Littering
15 MT/Day
Hotels & Restaurants
20 MT/Day
Vegetable Market
30 MT/Day
Other Commercial Establishment
Total
250 MT/Day 25

26. Quantity in percentage
Statistics
Parameters
Quantity in percentage
Weight in Tons
Compostable organics
72.5
182.25
Recyclable
2.8
7.00
Metal & Glass
1.50
3.75
Plastics
6.50
16.25
Inerts & Others
16.70
41.75
Total
250.00 26

27. Collection & Transportation
Primary Collection
NGOs to collect household waste generally kitchen waste from the household bins (distributed to house hold from AMC’s end) and transport through tricycle van/ auto tipper to dispose off primarily in the community bins of capacity 1.1/4.5 cum available in the main roads
No of NGOs- 20
User Charge per Household : Rs. 30 PM 27

28. Collection & Transportation
Primary Collection
Hotel, restaurants and other commercial establishments are also covered in door to door collection.
No of NGOs : 01
User Charge : Rs. 250 PM
All vegetable markets are also covered by NGOs
No of NGOs : 10 28

29. Collection & Transportation
1.1 cum & 4.5 Cum container 29

30. Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Refuse Compactor 8 cum
Refuse Compactor 14 cum 30

31. Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Refuse Collector 8 cum
Dumper Placer 31

32. Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Auto Tipper
Sweeping Machine 32

33. Collection & Transportation
600 nos. 1.1 cum container and 60 nos. 4.5 cum metallic community bins are placed across the city.
21 nos. refuse compactor to transport waste from 1.1 cum capacity CB.
6 nos. dumper placer for transportation of waste from 4.5 cum capacity CB.
18 open tipper truck for transportation of waste
10 nos. mini auto tipper are in the service of door to door collection 33

34. Collection & Transportation
Most of the vehicles movement are tracked with GPS system namely vehicle tracking system introduced in the year 2012.
To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time
De-siltation is being done using 2 nos. De-silting Machines comprising 4 dump tanks. Work is in progress for covered and un covered drains. 34

35. Collection & Transportation
BMW (Bio Medical Waste) is collection done through 02 nos. specialized vehicle from 65 nos. of hospitals, pathological labs, clinic and incinerated in out incinerator at Hapania.
To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time. 35

36. Collection & Transportation
Desilting Machine 36

37. Collection & Transportation
Skid Steer Loader & Back Hoe Loader 37

38. Collection & Transportation
BMW Collection-Transportation Vehicle –Processing in Incinerator 38

39. Latest Initiatives
20 nos. TATA Ace based hopper type mini tipper will shortly be inducted in the door to service which will be made departmental activity to ensure cent percent D2D collection across the whole AMC area .
Setting of “Design, Build and Operate basis 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant is in progress at Devendra Chandra Nagar.
02 nos. new 14 cum refuse compactor will be inducted in the service. 39

40. THANK YOU 40