1. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 0 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Measuring Women in Poverty and Women’s Economic Contribution – The Philippine Experience Presented by Jessamyn O. Encarnacion Global Forum on Gender Statistics Rome, Italy 10-12 December 2007 National Statistical Coordination Board

2. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 1 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Outline of Presentation I.Introduction II.Women in Poverty III.Women’s Contribution to the Economy IV.Concluding Remarks

3. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 2 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second largest number of poor population (after the children) Gender differential still remains as an issue in economic participation  Economic participation - 80% for men versus 50% for women in 2006  Employment rate - 74% for men versus 46% for women in 2005 Poses a challenge to the country in achieving Goal 3 of the MDGs! Magnitude of poor women Poverty Incidence (%) 200012.2 million32.3 200311.6 million29.0

4. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 3 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction About the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) The Philippine Statistical System is a decentralized statistical system Many agencies of government generate statistics  NSO  Bureau of Agricultural Statistics  Bureau of Labor & Employment Statistics  BSP  DENR, DOT, DepED, CHED, DOH, DOST, etc. Need for coordinating agency

5. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 4 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction About the NSCB Issued on January 30, 1987 Created the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) as the highest policy-making and coordinating body on statistical matters in the country Executive Order 121, Series of 1987 Reorganizing the Philippine Statistical System and for Other Purposes

6. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 5 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction About the NSCB Compiles the National Accounts of the Philippines  Estimates GDP, GNP Generates Official Poverty Statistics  Poverty Threshold  Poverty Incidence Philippine Statistical Yearbook Leading economic index, foreign direct investments, etc. Satellite accounts for tourism, health, education Other economic and social statistics Our Products

7. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 6 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction About the NSCB Coordination services  Inter-agency concerns  Survey review system  Designation of statistics  Subnational statistical system Online statistical service Technical services (including data requests and advocacy for statistical awareness) Administers the NATIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION CENTER http://www.nscb.gov.ph Our Services

8. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 7 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 I. Introduction  Serves as the Secretariat to the Interagency Committee (IAC) on Gender Statistics, which serves as a strategic mechanism to sustain the efforts and initiatives in the generation and improvement of gender statistics and institutionalize the implementation of the Gender and Development Framework Coordination mechanisms

9. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 8 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Official Poverty Statistics Starting 1985, Philippines’ official poverty estimates are regularly compiled by the NSCB (i.e., every three years) Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) is the main source of data on income and expenditure, conducted by the NSO every three years These are disaggregated by geographical location: - National - Regional - Provincial Still, one of the demands is poverty statistics at lower levels and sectoral disaggregation

10. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 9 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act (RA 8425) Defined poverty in the Philippines Also declared that the State should adopt an area-based sectoral and focused intervention to poverty alleviation Defined the basic sectors as the disadvantaged sectors of Philippine society

11. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 10 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty 14 Basic Sectors 1.Farmer-peasant 2.Artisanal fisherfolk 3.Workers in the formal sector and migrant workers 4.WOMEN 5.Senior citizens 6.Youth and students 7.Children 8.Urban poor 9.Workers in the informal sectors 10.Indigenous peoples and cultural communities 11.Differently-abled persons 12.Victims of calamities and disasters 13.Cooperatives 14.Non-government organizations

12. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 11 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Poverty statistics for the basic sectors Hence, in 2004, the NSCB embarked on the “Development of Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sectors Project”, funded by the UNDP, whose aim was to generate poverty statistics across all the basic sectors for the year 2000 In line with the NSCB’s thrust of institutionalizing project outputs and activities, the NSCB Board, per Resolution No. 11, Series of 2007, approved the “Methodology for the Generation of Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sectors” Official poverty statistics on basic sectors cover 2000 and 2003

13. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 12 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Data sources 2000 and 2003 Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) 4 th quarter 2000 and 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) undertaken in January 2004 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) 2000 and 2003 Philippine Poverty Statistics

14. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 13 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty VariableData source 1. IncomeFIES was used for classifying households as poor or non-poor 2. Sectoral characteristic of the population LFS was used to assign household members into sectors 3. Total populationEstimated total population of the sector based on the FIES and LFS. However, for years when the conduct of the CPH and FIES coincide, data from the CPH will be used (e.g., 2000) to estimate the total population for four sectors, namely, women, youth, children, and senior citizen. Otherwise, data from FIES will be used.

15. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 14 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Both FIES and LFS follow the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH) sampling scheme, making the estimation of poverty incidence straightforward. For example, the poverty incidence for women is: Number of poor women Poverty incidence women = ---------------------------------- Total number of women

16. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 15 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Poverty incidence among the eight sectors Highlights: The poverty incidence for all sectors decreased from 2000 to 2003. The Women Sector exhibited a decrease of 3.3 percentage points over the 3-year period. In terms of magnitude of poor population, the Children, Women and Urban Sectors are the largest. Poverty Incidence among the Population (Phils. 2003) – 30.0

17. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 16 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 II. Women in Poverty Summary of findings 1 / Excludes NCR in 2000 due to high CV (with CV > 50 percent) 2/ Excludes CAR in 2000 due to high CV (with CV > 50 percent)

18. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 17 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution Observed gender inequality in economic participation Hence, men have greater economic “visibility” and higher contribution to the economy, more participation in making economic decisions, and more likely to have access to credit Economic undercount of women thus puts them in a situation that can perpetuate, if not outright worsen the inequity between men and women Need for information on women’s and men’s contribution to the economy To adequately measure women’s contribution in society: - means expanding the definition of the SNA production boundary to include non-market services

19. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 18 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Efforts on the generation of satellite accounts: a. “Measuring The Contribution of Women To The Philippine Economy” by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) b. “ Women’s Contribution To The Economy” by Romulo A. Virola (1999) c. “Do Women Contribute Less Than Men to Nation Building” by Romulo A. Virola, Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, Armyl G. Zaguirre, Raymond S. Perez (2007) III. Women’s Economic Contribution

20. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 19 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Taking off from the methodology used by Virola and de Perio in 1998 Using updated parameters from the results of the 2000 TUS. a/ Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de Perio b/ Used in this study c/ Details of the “original” were: 1) rescaled to add up to 24 hours (1 day); and 2) weighted using urban (for Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population as weights. III. Women’s Economic Contribution

21. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 20 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution 1.GDP by Sex a. Using Total Employment (from LFS) b. Using Total Hours Worked (from LFS) - Data from the LFS was used as weights - Used hours – deemed to be more reflective of the “quantity” of participation of women or men in the labor force

22. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 21 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution 2.NFIA by sex a. Net Compensation - remittances by sex in the Survey of Overseas Filipinos (SOF) was used as weights b. Net Property Income - allocated equally to men and women due to unavailability of an allocation basis 3.GNP by sex - simply the sum of GDP and NFIA by sex

23. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 22 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution  Multiplied by the total number of employed, unemployed and those outside the labor force from the LFS

24. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 23 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution Methods Used in Valuation of Unpaid Work MethodMonetary value used in this study Labor force participation 1. Opportunity Cost (OC) Mean compensation per employee Employed 2. Market Price (MP) Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force Generalist Janitor Specialist N/A Minimum Wage Minimum wage

25. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 24 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution  Unpaid household and community services by sex was estimated using the same procedures except total time spent in community services was included  Direct estimation of unpaid household was used in computing for the self-valuation results

26. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 25 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007  Unpaid work adds 66.2 percent to GDP! III. Women’s Economic Contribution

27. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 26 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007  Women’s share to GDP increased by 8 percentage points! III. Women’s Economic Contribution

28. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 27 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007  Women account for 59.6 percent of the total hours of unpaid work! III. Women’s Economic Contribution

29. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 28 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007  Women not in the labor force account for more than half of the total value of unpaid work of women! III. Women’s Economic Contribution

30. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 29 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Other findings of the study: Women accounted for only 27.4 percent of the total Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA) Women contributed 46.2 percent of the adjusted Gross National Product (GNP) from 38.0 percent when unpaid work was not included III. Women’s Economic Contribution

31. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 30 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 1.Core GAD Indicators Data Framework 2.Philippine Statistical Handbook on Women and Men 3.Coordination of statistical activities concerning the gender sector thru the Interagency Committee on Gender Statistics 4.Philippine Gross National Happiness Index by sex Other NSCB Initiatives III. Women’s Economic Contribution

32. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 31 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 Conceptual Framework Community participation & volunteer work Cultural activities Education Family Friends Health Income and financial security Leisure and sports Love life Religion and spiritual work Work Technological know-how Government Politics Environment Economy Sex life Others HI 1 HI 2 HI n Philippine Happiness Index Note: From 14 (during the pilot) to 17 domains Digression III. Women’s Economic Contribution

33. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 32 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 III. Women’s Economic Contribution · BOTH MEN AND WOMEN FIND FAMILY AND FRIENDS AS MOST IMPORTANT DOMAINS AND SOURCES OF HAPPINESS, ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS AS THE LEAST! WOMEN FIND LOVE IMPORTANT BUT NOT SEX WHILE MEN FIND BOTH LOVE AND SEX IMPORTANT – THERE IS A MISMATCH! WOMEN ARE HAPPIER WITH SEX THAN MEN! BASED ON A SINGLE QUESTION, WOMEN ARE HAPPIER THAN MEN! BUT DERIVING INDEX FROM ALL DOMAINS OF HAPPINESS, MEN ARE JUST AS HAPPY AS WOMEN!

34. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 33 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 National Demographic and Health Survey Maternal and Child Health Survey Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey Other Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System III. Women’s Economic Contribution

35. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 34 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 IV. Concluding Remarks 1. The poorest sectors could be identified using the combined FIES-LFS data with some degree of reliability. 2. Knowing which basic sectors were the poorest would help in designing appropriate poverty alleviation programs. 3. More comprehensive poverty alleviation programs could be designed if estimates for the other sectors could be generated as well. On measuring women in poverty

36. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 35 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 IV. Concluding Remarks 1.Methodology needs improvement 2.Data limitations of the Philippine Statistical System 3. Financial and manpower constraints of the NSCB 4. Reports appear to be comparable to other countries 5.Better appreciation from international community will benefit the efforts to value unpaid work in the SNA On measuring the contribution of women

37. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 36 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 IV. Concluding Remarks 6. Users should recognize the benefits from the generation of statistics and it will be helpful if they are able to demonstrate actual policy uses of statistics. 7.Need for statistical capacity building of the producers, users and the providers of statistics. 8.The Government thru the Department of Budget and Management and Congress should realize that statistics will play a the critical role in the global competition among knowledge-based economies in the Third Millennium.

38. NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Slide No. 37 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 Global Forum on Gender Statistics 10-12 December 2007 visit: www. nscb.gov.ph email: jo.encarnacion@nscb.gov.ph info@nscb.gov.ph Thank you!