1. Ch.11: The ancient Hebrews and the origins of Judaism

3. The Hebrew civilization
Hebrew Civilization thrived from 1800 B.C.E. – 70 C.E.
Originally From Mesopotamia, moved to land of Canaan
Hebrews were founders of Judaism
Transformed from Hebrews to Jews

4. The torah Origins and basic laws come from the Torah (God’s teaching)
Torah consists of first five books of the Christian Bible (Old Testament)
Historians study to understand history of Judaism
Historians also study artifacts left behind

5. The ancient Hebrews
According to Torah, Abraham: ancestor of the Hebrews, lived in Mesopotamia
1950 B.C.E. Abraham led many to Canaan, herded sheep & goats
1800 B.C.E. Hebrews fled to Egypt due to a famine
Hebrews became slaves, Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt

6. The ancient Hebrews
After escaping Egypt, Hebrews wandered for 40 years, return to Canaan
1,000 B.C.E. Hebrews set up Kingdom of Israel
Canaan under rule of Kind David & son, King Solomon
Solomon built a temple in capital city Jerusalem

7. Western Wall built by King Solomon

8. Important hebrew leaders
Abraham
Moses
King Solomon
Four Key Jewsh Leaders
King David

9. Abraham “Father of the Hebrews”: introduced Judaism
Based on belief of one God (Uncommon for this era)
Torah: God told him to move his family to Canaan
God promised to make him the father of a blessed nation
Descendants known as Jewish People

10. moses “Greatest Leader”: led his people out of slavery in Egypt
Moses told Hebrews: God lead them to Canaan for their faithful obedience
Canaan is known as the promise land
God gave Moses 10 most important laws
Became foundation of Jewish beliefs

11. King David & King solomon
Back to Canaan, ruled under Kings David and Solomon
Jerusalem became Holy City
King Solomon built the first great temple.

12. Abraham’s covenant with god
Judaism began with a covenant between God & Abram
God visited Abram as an old man, told to leave his country
Mesopotamia to Canaan
At age 99, made another covenant with God

13. Abraham’s covenant with god
God promised to protect Abram’s descendants
Mark of covenant: gave a new name, Abraham
Abraham means “father of many”
Covenant meant: Jews would set an example for how God wanted people to live

14. Abraham's sacrifice God often tested Abraham’s faith
Sacrifices common of animals
God tested his faith by sacrificing Abraham’s son
Abraham agreed, took Isaac to sacrifice him
Stopped by an angel at last minute

15. Abraham's sacrifice God promised again to bless Abraham’s descendants
Hebrews flourished, nation made of 12 tribes
Abraham introduced idea of one God
Jews believe they should set an example of how people should live

16. Exodus from Egypt Moses became leader around 1250 B.C.E.
Hebrews became very powerful and large in numbers
Pharaoh felt threatened, made Jews be slaves
Moses with God’s strength went to the Pharaoh to free the Jews

17. Exodus from Egypt Pharaoh wouldn't free the slaves
God punished Egypt with 10 different plagues
Locusts devoured all crops, Nile turned into blood
Angel sent by God killed first born son of watch family
Pharaoh finally gave in.

18. Exodus from Egypt Moses started to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt
Egyptian Army caught up with the Hebrews by Red Sea
Moses raised his stick and the sea parted
Hebrews got across, water came back while army tried to cross drowning the soldiers

19. The ten commandments 10 laws, foundation of Judaism
Given to Moses at Mt. Sinai
Commandments remind Hebrews to only worship one God
Sabbath- seventh day of the week to rest and worship

20. The ten commandments Basic Moral Laws
Hebrews obey commandments to honor covenant with God.
Had to make moral laws known to the world
Moses: led Jews out of Egypt, still celebrated today, brought the 10 Commandments, and worship one God

21. Kingdom of Israel David’s time: 1000 B.C.E.
Hebrews at war with Philistines
Philistines agreed to be Hebrews slaves if could beat their strongest warrior
Teenage David agreed to fight Goliath
Goliath was mocking God

22. Kingdom of Israel One mighty throw, Goliath fell
David later became King due to strength and courage
David ended wars and united the Kingdom of Israel
New Kingdom had government, courts, army,
David served as nation’s chief priest

23. King david David chose Jerusalem as capital city
Jerusalem: center of religious and political life
Ark of the Covenant to Israel
Ten Commandments in a wood and gold chest

24. King Solomon Death of David, Solomon takes over
Built temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the Covenant
Hebrew people built temple
Over 3,000 officials needed to oversee the project
Taxed his people a lot to pay for gold, wood, and copper

25. King Solomon Solomon angered the Hebrew people
Kingdom divided near Solomon’s death
David & Solomon’s descendants ruled Southern Kingdom
David & Solomon laid foundation for Jews to be governed by Kings: 400 years