1. Global Forum V on Fighting Corruption and safeguarding integrity Setting the stage for non-state actors PRIVATE INTEREST POLITICS Soji Apampa The Convention on Business Integrity

2. ETHICS FRAMEWORK PUBLIC INTEREST OF OTHERS PRIVATE INTEREST

3. POWER OF CONTEXT Good ApplesBad Apples Good Barrel√x Bad Barrelxx

4. BUSINESS MILITARY GOVT & POLITICS CIVIL SOCIETY POWER OF CONTEXT Structure of Society How Wealth is Held and Distributed The Role of Public Office Complex Relationships, Alliances, Pacts & Networks

5. A PATRONAGE SYSTEM WEALTH BUSINESS? POWER POLITICS? CENTRE PVT. INTERESTS PACTS SURVIVAL DELIVER RE-ELECTED

6. SOME VULNERABLE RELATIONSHIPS Political Ties of Ex or Serving –Politicians –Civil Servants –Servicemen –Judicial Officers –Expert Advisers/Assistants to Government Other Ties –Family Ties –School Ties –Fraternities & Spiritual Ties –Social Ties –Ethnic Ties –Gifts & Donations

7. SOME VULNERABLE TRANSACTIONS Provisioning/Procurement Asset Acquisition/Disposal Appointments/Recruitments Licensing/Accreditations/Certifications Resource Allocation/Control/Management Adjudications/Exercise of Judicial Powers Mergers & Acquisitions/Consolidation

8. SOME VULNERABLE SECTORS OF SOCIETY Government Financial Services Energy: Power Energy: Oil & Gas Defense Engineering & Construction Solid Minerals – Extractive Industries Customs/Excise & Immigration

9. GOVERNANCE Covers those institutional arrangements through which Power, authority and influence are wielded to define and achieve public policy objectives and ensure continuity.

10. Scenario #1: Good GOVERNANCE Where the –Sovereignty belongs to the people from whom government derives all its power and authority –Security and welfare of the people is the primary purpose of government Sustained improvements in the standards of living of the people (the role of effective & efficient service delivery) Poverty reduction (income & other) Equity, justice & fairness Sustainability for future generations –Participation by the people in their government is always ensured

11. I: Non-State Actors Observed In Issue Advocacy Coalition Building Mass Exercise of the Watchdog Initiative to Ensure Public Accountability

12. Scenario #2: Poor GOVERNANCE Where there exists –Arbitrary policy making –Unaccountable bureaucracies –Un-enforced or unjust legal systems –The abuse of executive power –A civil society unengaged in public life –Widespread corruption

13. II: Non-State Actors Observed In Issue Advocacy Coalition Building Exercise of immense financial and political power to ensure continued state capture

14. KEY MOTIVATORS IMPACT OF POOR GOVERNANCE ON Democracy & Development “The Level Playing Field” The Search for Power, Wealth & Prestige Inadequate “Voice”Blurring of commonly agreed standards and shared ideals Poor Access to Finance Inadequate “Participation”Ineffective SanctionsPoor access to Markets Ineffective and inefficient service delivery Insufficient RewardsPoor access to “Know- how” Diminishing standards of living Depending on and lobbying the state is a pre-condition for material success MARKET, CONSUMERS WORKFORCE, SUPPLY CHAIN TRADE & INVESTMENT

15. WORKING DEFINITIONS OF CORRUPTION Bottlenecks –The creation/use or attempt to create/use bottlenecks in any system for private profit or personal gain Perversions –The perversion or attempt to pervert/distort the legal or right process within an entity for private profit or personal gain

16. SOLUTIONS Better governance Collective action on the part of other non- state actors –Demand change –Establish new economic linkages Re-positioning the role of the state –Diversification of the economy –Reduction of the power and influence of public office over economic life of average citizen