1. How do people adapt to their environment?
Chapter 3
How do people adapt to their environment?

2. Stone Age Used stones to make tools and weapons
Paleolithic means “old stone” or Old Stone Age
2,500,000 B.C. – 8,000 B.C.

3. Nomads Moved from place to place to survive and search for food
No roads, farms, or villages
Moved in groups of 20-30
Hunter – gatherers

4. Nomads
Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.
Men hunted large animals far from camp – used clubs to kill or pushed animals off a cliff. Then learned to make tools or weapons. They also set traps.
Women stayed at camp-usually near water- and watched after the kids and searched for nuts, berries, and grains.
Men and women worked together equally.

5. Technology Tools & methods to perform tasks
Made devices from hard stone called “flint”
Made spears, bows, arrows, and fishhooks
Used animal hides for clothing and shelter or stayed in caves

6. Technology
FIRE – used for warmth, light, to scare off wild animals, chase animals from bushes, and cooking
Used by rubbing two pieces of wood together to cause friction.

7. Language & Art
Paleolithic people started expressing themselves through spoken word, like we use today, and art.
There was still NO WRITTEN word. Paleolithic people expressed ideas through cave drawings (symbols, drawings, ect)

8. Ice Ages Long periods of extreme cold Threatened the lives of humans
They had to learn to use more fat in their diet
Made sturdier shelters and warmer clothes during these extreme cold times

9. Ice Ages
As the ice pieces grew larger, the sea levels lowered, exposing a strip of dry land that connected Asia to North America. This was known as a “land bridge”
The land bridge was used by people and animals to travel and settle in different regions
The ice age forced Paleolithic people to adapt to their environment by changing their thinking. It lasted years and ended between BC.

10. Neolothic Age: The Agricultural Revolution
The Neolithic Age began when some, not all people began staying in one place to grow grains and vegetables; domesticate or tame animals for human use (transporting goods, providing meat, milk, or wool
Neolithic age lasted been BC
Neolithic means “new stone”: stone tools were created and used during this time

11. Agricultural Revolution
Systematic farming (growing food on a regular basis) is known as Agricultural Revolution
Being able to grow a constant food supply allowed people to settle communities because the population was growing at a faster rate.
Some historians consider the Agricultural Revolution to be the most important event in human history

12. Farming Timeline Who When Plants Animals SW Asia 8000 BC Wheat/Barley
Pigs, goats, cows, sheep
Nile River
6000 BC
India BC
Africa
Yams/bananas
China
Millet/rice
Dogs, Pigs
Central America BC
Squash/potatoes
Chicken, Dogs

13. Life in the Neolithic Age
People settled in villages near plants and water (especially rivers)
They built permanent homes
Jericho is one of the oldest Neolithic Communities
Catahuyuk – Story Time!

14. Life in Neolithic Age As populations grew so did food supplies
Increased food supplies allowed communities to trade certain foods for others.
It also allowed for people to take on or specialize in different jobs other than farming
Weapon making
Jewelry making
Pottery to store grains
Basket/clothes making

15. Life in the Neolithic Age
Gender Roles
Men
Women
`Worked in fields
`Farmed and herded animals
`bore children
`made clothes, `managed supplies,
`performed other tasks

16. Tools Created Rakes Sickles to cut grain Millstones to grind flour
Some regions began working with copper

17. Tools Created
CRAFTSPEOPLE IN WESTERN ASIA DISCOVERED THAT MIXING COPPER AND TIN FORMED BRONZE. (3000 BC)- THIS MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE AGE!

18. Emerging Empires
By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.
4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC
Mesopotamia
Egypt
India
China
All great civilizations share similar characteristics

19. Shared Characteristics
Developed cities and formed governments
First governments formed were known as monarchy’s (ruled by a King or Queen)
Created armies

20. Religion
Early people believed that god’s were responsible for a communities survival
Rulers claimed that their power came from approval of god’s

21. Social Structure
Based on the type of work a person did and the amount of power or wealth they had.
Highest
Middle
Lowest
Rulers, priests, government officials, warriors
Farmers, artisans, craftspeople
Enslaved people who were captured in war

22. Writing and Art
People used symbols instead of letters and words to keep accurate records and preserve stories
Artists created paintings and sculptures portraying gods and forces of nature
Massive buildings were designed as places of worship or burial tombs for kings