1. CHAPTER 4 BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867

2. Following the Conquest, the British were faced with a real dilemma in Quebec; how to govern a colony in which most people were French-speaking, Catholic and used to institutions far different from those in other British colonies Britain decided upon assimilation Britain decided upon assimilation They felt that English-Protestant-Capitalist would be the eventual dominant culture in North America They felt that English-Protestant-Capitalist would be the eventual dominant culture in North America

3. The Royal Proclamation 1763

4. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Reasons for Passing the Royal Proclamation Following the Conquest of New France, the British passed the Royal Proclamation in 1763 Following the Conquest of New France, the British passed the Royal Proclamation in 1763 The British were faced with governing a French-speaking colony within British North America The British were faced with governing a French-speaking colony within British North America

5. Pontiac’s Uprising Following the fall of Quebec and the Treaty of Paris, jurisdiction over the West and the Ohio Valley passed to the British. Following the fall of Quebec and the Treaty of Paris, jurisdiction over the West and the Ohio Valley passed to the British. This change of allegiance alarmed Aboriginal tribes. This change of allegiance alarmed Aboriginal tribes. Native tribes had previously enjoyed a level of equality and harmony with the French, shown by the high numbers of intermarriage. Native tribes had previously enjoyed a level of equality and harmony with the French, shown by the high numbers of intermarriage. By contrast, Native tribes had learned to mistrust the English and feared increased intrusion into lands the French had left for them. By contrast, Native tribes had learned to mistrust the English and feared increased intrusion into lands the French had left for them.

6. In response to this tension, a Native uprising led by Ottawa chieftain Pontiac began in early 1763. In response to this tension, a Native uprising led by Ottawa chieftain Pontiac began in early 1763. Although successful in capturing 8 British forts and inflicting massive casualties, Pontiac’s forces could not take the strongholds of Detroit and Fort Pitt. Although successful in capturing 8 British forts and inflicting massive casualties, Pontiac’s forces could not take the strongholds of Detroit and Fort Pitt. Pontiac’s Rebellion would last until 1766. Pontiac’s Rebellion would last until 1766.

7. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 The Intent of the Royal Proclamation Assimilation of the French population to British culture Assimilation of the French population to British culture Following Pontiac’s uprising, the land west of the Appalachians was reserved for the Aboriginal people in hope of avoiding a costly Indian war Following Pontiac’s uprising, the land west of the Appalachians was reserved for the Aboriginal people in hope of avoiding a costly Indian war

8. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Terms of the Royal Proclamation land west of the Appalachian Mountains was reserved for the Aboriginal people land west of the Appalachian Mountains was reserved for the Aboriginal people Quebec was reduced in size Quebec was reduced in size British-style government was imposed on the Canadiens with an elected assembly British-style government was imposed on the Canadiens with an elected assembly the British legal system was imposed the British legal system was imposed Protestantism replaced Catholicism Protestantism replaced Catholicism

9. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Historical Significance of the Royal Proclamation It showed the Canadiens that the British government could not be trusted to protect French culture It showed the Canadiens that the British government could not be trusted to protect French culture It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio River valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentiment It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio River valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentiment

10. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Reasons for Passing the Quebec Act 1774 Reaction to unrest in the Thirteen Colonies Reaction to unrest in the Thirteen Colonies

11. The Quebec Act 1774

12. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 The Intent of the Quebec Act With growing unrest in the Thirteen Colonies, the British intended to mend relations with the Canadiens With growing unrest in the Thirteen Colonies, the British intended to mend relations with the Canadiens

13. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Terms of the Quebec Act Reversal of the Royal Proclamation Reversal of the Royal Proclamation Quebec was enlarged Quebec was enlarged British-style government was imposed on the Canadiens with an elected assembly British-style government was imposed on the Canadiens with an elected assembly French Civil Law replaced the British legal system French Civil Law replaced the British legal system Freedom of worship for Catholics Freedom of worship for Catholics

14. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Historical Significance of the Quebec Act The Act allowed the Canadiens to retain their French culture The Act allowed the Canadiens to retain their French culture It protected French-Catholic identity within British North America It protected French-Catholic identity within British North America

15. The Constitutional Act 1791

16. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 The Intent of the Constitutional Act Protect BNA against potential American aggression Protect BNA against potential American aggression To provide familiar British-style rule for the newly arrived Loyalists To provide familiar British-style rule for the newly arrived Loyalists

17. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Terms of the Constitutional Act Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) Each colony would be governed by an appointed Governor and Executive Council, and an elected Legislative Assembly Each colony would be governed by an appointed Governor and Executive Council, and an elected Legislative Assembly

18. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Terms of the Constitutional Act Reserved land (Crown reserves) was used to pay for the colony’s expenses Reserved land (Crown reserves) was used to pay for the colony’s expenses British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canada British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canada Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower Canada Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower Canada

19. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 1867 Historical Significance of the Constitutional Act Confirmed the existence of a French- Catholic province in Confederation Confirmed the existence of a French- Catholic province in Confederation Provide the framework for Confederation Provide the framework for Confederation

20. Match the provision with the Act When you see a provision or statement put up on the screen, tell me which Act it is from; When you see a provision or statement put up on the screen, tell me which Act it is from; The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation The Quebec Act The Quebec Act The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

21. Enlarged the size of Quebec The Quebec Act! The Quebec Act!

22. Set aside all lands west of the Great Lakes for Aboriginal tribes The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

23. 1774 The Quebec Act The Quebec Act

24. Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

25. Freedom of worship for Catholics The Quebec Act The Quebec Act

26. 1763 The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

27. Triggered in part by Pontiac’s Uprising The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

28. Each colony would be governed by an appointed Governor and Executive Council, and an elected Legislative Assembly The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

29. It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio River valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentiment The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

30. Quebec was reduced in size The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

31. Reversal of the Royal Proclamation The Quebec Act The Quebec Act

32. British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canada The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

33. British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canada Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower Canada The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

34. With growing unrest in the Thirteen Colonies, the British intended to mend relations with the Canadiens The Quebec Act The Quebec Act

35. French Civil Law replaced the British legal system The Quebec Act The Quebec Act

36. Protestantism replaced Catholicism The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation

37. To provide familiar British-style rule for the newly arrived Loyalists The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

38. Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) The Constitutional Act The Constitutional Act

39. It showed the Canadiens that the British government could not be trusted to protect French culture The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation