1. In partnership with STMicroelectronics DESIGN OF A CLASS 1 POWER AMPLIFIER FOR BLUETOOTH TM APPLICATIONS Advisors Candidate Prof. Antonella D’Orazio Giovanni DE FILIPPO Tutor. Dr. Roberto Antonicelli. A.Y. 2004-05 Politecnico di Bari Engineering Faculty - Electronics Engineering Course Thesis in MICROWAVES

2. OUTLINE CHECK OF SUITABLE COMPONENTS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS USING ANSOFT DESIGNER SV REALIZATION MEASUREMENTS STLC2500 WITH CLASS 1 PA IMPLEMENTATION

3. DESIGN CHALLENGES LOW COST HIGH POWER GAIN MINIMAL BOM

4. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS  Central Frequency: 2.45 GHz  Bandwidth: 100 MHz  Input and Output Impedance: 50 Ohms  Output Powers: 10, 14 and 18 dBm  Supply Voltage: 2.75 Volts  Operating Temperature: -40 to +85°C

5. DESIGN MODEL Input Matching DC Block Output Matching DC Block Enable and Power Control RF Choke to DC Bias Biasing Transistor

6. DESIGN MODEL Input Matching DC Block Output Matching DC Block Trasmission Line Model RF Power Transistor RF Choke to DC Bias

7. ANALYSIS S 11 and S 22 at 2.45 GHz Gain from 500 MHz to 3 GHz

8. ANALYSIS Stability factor from 500 MHz to 3 GHz Input and output return loss from 500 MHz to 3 GHz

9. REALIZATION PCB Layout Photograph of the Class 1 PA

10. MEASUREMENTS Photograph of the Test Setup Class 1 Power Amplifier and Measurement Setup

11. MEASUREMENTS S 11 in Bluetooth Band S 22 in Bluetooth Band

12. MEASUREMENTS Gain, Output Power and Efficiency versus Input Power at 27 °C

13. MEASUREMENTS Output Power Efficiency versus Input Power for different Temperatures

14. MEASUREMENTS Pout and Efficiency vs Pin at various Temperatures and Vcc Vcc = 2.50 V Vcc = 3.00 V

15. PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW Compression Point P -1dB = 20 dBm Power Gain Gp = 12 dB Current consumption at max power I cc = 53 mA Added Efficiency η = 70 %

16. STLC2500 CLASS 1 SOLUTION Output Power Output Spectrum, Adjacent Channel Power

17. STLC2500 CLASS 1 SOLUTION Output Spectrum RF = LO – BB = 2.44084 GHz IM = LO + BB = 2.44116 GHz PULLING = LO – 3BB = 2.44052 GHz Pulling Behavior at Default Gain Settings

18. CONCLUSIONS Single transistor, small sized Bluetooth Class 1 power amplifier Lowest cost in marketplace High gain and high 1 dB-compression point 12mA of quiescent current and 70% total efficiency Single 2.75V supply voltage Minimum BOM Stable behavior versus temperature and Vcc