1. Lima AP LIT & COMP.

2.  Sonnet Popular classical form that’s compelled poets for centuries From the Italian “sonetto”, which means “a little sound or song”

3.  14 line poem  Written in iambic pentameter Meter- the patterning of syllables in a line of poetry (stressed to unstressed and vice versa)  2 syllables = a foot  A foot that consists of an unstressed  stressed syllable = an iamb  Ex.(da DUM) *SYMBOLS Iambic Pentameter– a line of poetry that contains 5 iambs  So a line of poetry written in pentameter has 5 feet, or 5 sets of stressed and unstressed syllables.  Ex. If you would put the key inside the lock  If YOU would PUT the KEY inSIDE the LOCK ( da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM)

4.  Set rhyme schemes Several to choose from  Usually written in iambic pentameter Meter--  Tightly structured thematic organization

5.  First and most common form  Named after the Italian poet, Petrarch  Introduced to England in the early 16 th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt

6.  Structure: Divided into 2 stanzas  The Octave– the first 8 lines  Poet presents an argument, observation, question or some other answerable charge  Turn/Volta- lines 8-9  Shift in direction of the foregoing argument/narrative  Sestet– the final 5/6 lines  Vehicle for counterargument, clarification or whatever is demanded by the octave Tightly woven rhyme scheme  Abba, abba, cdecde/cdcdcd

7. When I consider how my light is spent, Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide; "Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need Either man's work or His own gifts. Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, And post o'er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait." Identify: Octave- what is the answerable charge? Volta- where is the shift? Sestet- what is the answer/counterargument? *thematic parts

8.  Style– lots of elevated figurative language  Theme– usually idealized love  Structure 3 quatrains 1 couplet  Usually a conclusion, amplification or refutation of the first 3 stanzas  Usually results in a epiphanic quality to the poem

9.  Structure, continued OCTAVE  1 st 2 quatrains (8 lines)– one thematic part  After this there is the volta (change of mood/thematic direction)  NOT as important SESTET  1 quatrain, 1 couplet

10. Sonnet 130 My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress when she walks treads on the ground. And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Identify: Octave- what is the answerable charge? Volta- where is the shift? Sestet- what is the answer/counter- argument? *thematic parts

11.  Named after poet, Edmund Spenser  Emerged from Spenser’s romantic epic poem, The Faeire Queene  Differ from Shakespearean sonnets mainly in rhyme scheme Abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee  Also deemphasizes the importance of the couplet by including two internal couplets, or “couplet links” prior to the final couplet So, the quatrains are “interlocked”

12.  Sonnet 75 from the Amoretti One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away: Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay A mortal thing so to immortalize, For I myself shall like to this decay, And eek my name be wiped out likewise. Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your virtues rare shall eternize, And in the heavens write your glorious name. Where when as Death shall all the world subdue, Out love shall live, and later life renew. Identify: Octave- what is the answerable charge? Volta- where is the shift? Sestet- what is the answer/counterargument? Couplet Links? *thematic parts

13.  Type of sonnet grouping  A series of linked poems dealing with a unified subjects Shakespearean sonnets Elizabeth Barret Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese