2. Focali Theme 2: REDD and Poverty 2009 Outputs: Inception Report and ”Communities & Carbon” Case study 2010-11 Mandate: Conduct national case studies in Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Bolivia & draw policy relevant conclusions for Sweden Interim reports due soon for all three. Today focus on Cambodia and Burkina Faso.

3. Burkina Faso Newly-adopted as FIP pilot country Unusual because low forest carbon so low climate potential, and low potential of payments Interesting because poor people are main deforesters and main forest guardians Extreme poverty may make even small payments valuable

4. BF Interim findings - Review Firewood demand and rural to rural migration seem to be key drivers (notwithstanding some conflicting research findings) Extremely difficult to address Even generous calculations suggest little potential for REDD payments to be significant for poverty reduction

5. Case Study Findings BF attractive to FIP because reputed to have good local forest management Study villages chosen as good examples of well-functioning forest management Findings suggest forest governance has deteriorated markedly since local forest management system initiated (villagers nostalgic for FAO management)

6. Cambodia Rapid deforestation and significant potential from REDD (approx 25 million USD per annum) Second wave of both UN-REDD and FCPF National REDD readiness strategy drafted September 2010 after national consultations Two REDD Pilots: Odar Meanchey Community Forest and Seima Protection Forest

7. Odar Meanchey (OMC) Community Forests cover 10% of the province’s forest area REDD pilot ready to go – awaiting government signature Population of the province increasing at rate of 10% per annum Reason to migrate is to clear forest land for agriculture (illegal but encouraged)

8. Communities and Forest Protection Looking into the Community cleared area (some protection) Looking out at the surrounding ’forest’ area

9. Protecting forest in Bak Nim Powerless to resist land concession Little evidence of cutting in the area we visited in the CF

10. Better Forest Protection Where Agricultural Plots Allowed in the Community Forest Area Villagers go through the CF to get to their rice land If they see or hear anything they inform the CF committee who then organise a patrol which can be a day trip or two or three nights in order to follow up Villagers articulate support for the CF

11. Extract: Swedish policy on Forest and Climate within Development Assistance Forests are of major importance for many people’s livelihoods and employment.…Sweden shall contribute to climate-smart and sustainable use of the forests by means of stronger forest management and measures that discourage deforestation and safeguard forest ownership and user rights especially for poor, forest- dependent communities and indigenous populations, as well as assist in the development of national forest information systems.

12. Conclusions on Competing Land Uses Dangerous (but widespread) to caricature forest-dwellers as NTFP dependent Acknowledging and legalising some agricultural conversion can generate basis for forest protection (there are possibilities in Cambodia) All becomes irrelevant if government then signs forest away to sugar cane plantations...

13. While REDD is piloted in the 10%, what happens to the other 90%? South-east of Kok Sampor degraded by villagers West of Bak Nim deforested by a senator’s sugar cane plantation

14. Does REDD inadvertently distract from Land Use Planning and Sustainable Forest Management by channeling focus into small pilot areas and technical issues around carbon measurement?