2. Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Design Architecture and Design Louis Sullivan “Our architecture reflects us truly as a mirror” Form Follows Function –Mainly identified with the style of Frank Lloyd Wright –Any architectural form (shape, object) should have an intended practical purpose and should perform a function

3. Aesthetic value Appreciation of form, beauty, and uniqueness Functionalism Quality of being useful Lead to the development of the organic concept –All materials, functions, forms, and surroundings are coordinated in harmony with nature Interior design Furnishings should be closely related to exterior architecture for consistent design

4. Creativity Architects and interior designers apply the elements and principles of design

5. Elements of Design Line –Produces a sense of movement or produce a greater sense of length or height Color -Has influence on the final appearance of design Form -Lines joined together and create the shape of an area -Circles and ovals convey a feeling of completeness -Squares and rectangles produce a feeling of mathematical precision -Whether the form of an object is open, closed, solid, hollow, the form should be determined by it’s function

6. Light (value) –Reflects the surfaces of a form Texture –Refers to the surface finish of an object –Roughness, coarseness, or fineness Space –Surrounds form and is contained within it –Architectural Design includes the art of defining space and space relationships Materials –Raw substances with which designers create

7. All Elements of Design Can strengthen or diminish interest

8. Designer must understand the nature and relationship of COLORS Divided into three categories Primary Secondary Tertiary

9. Primary Cannot be made up from a combination of colors Red Yellow Blue

10. Secondary Made up of equal mixtures of two primary colors Yellow Red Yellow Red Blue + + + = = = Green Violet Orange 

11. Tertiary Primary color and neighboring secondary color mixture Green Violet Orange Yellow Red + + + = = = Red-Orange Red-Violet Blue-Green YellowOrange += Yellow-Green Blue Green Violet + += = Yellow-Orange Blue-Violet

12. Neutral White Gray Black

13. Color Quality Distinguishing accuracy Hue Basic consistent identity –Ex: Blue, blue-green, yellow-green,yellow Lighter or darker does not matter, the hue stays the same Value Lightness or darkness of hue –Can dramatically change the mood of a room

14. Value Lightness or darkness of hue –Can dramatically change the mood of a room Tint Lighter(or higher) in value than the normal value Produced by adding white to a color Lighter tint of hue will make a room look larger in area Shade Darker (or lower) in value than the normal value Produced by adding black to a color Dark shade will make a room look smaller in area

15. Tone Produced by adding gray to the normal color Intensity Degree of purity (or brightness) of a color Free from neutralizing factors –Chroma

16. Principles of Design Guidelines for how to combine the elements of design Balance Equilibrium (feeling of stability) Informally balanced (asymmetrical) Formally balanced (symmetrical)

17. Rhythm and repetition Same pattern used over and over; creates a sense of motion Emphasis Draws a viewer’s attention to an area or subject Subordination Occurs when emphasis is achieved through design. Other features become less noticeable Proportion Assures appropriate sizing of components

18. Variety Also called contrast Do not create too much unity, rhythm, or repetition or you will lose variety Opposition Use of contrasting elements for variety Transition To change from one color to another or from a curved line to a straight line Must maintain the same unity

19. Unity Creates a sense of wholeness

20. House on the Rock Designed and built by Alex Jordan from Madison WI

22. Winchester Mystery House Home Page Haunted Winchester

26. Winchester YouTube

30. Louis Sullivan’s Bradley House Madison, Wisconsin

31. Brief History of Louis Sullivan

32. Brief History of Frank Lloyd Wright

33. Wingspread- Wind Point, Wisconsin

34. Unitarian Meeting House Madison Wisconsin

35. Fallingwater Ohiopyle (Bear Run), Pennsylvania