1. Cells!

2. CA Standards Cell Biology
1.c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.

3. The History of Microscopes and Cell Theory

4. Janssen produced 1st microscope 1595

6. 1665 Robert Hooke drawing of cork
1665 Robert Hooke drawing of cork. Called chambers cells because they reminded him of tiny rooms in a monastery.

9. Plant cells
1838: Mattias Schleiden discovered plants are made of cells.

10. 1839 Theodor Schwann claimed animals are also made of cells

11. 1858: Rudolf Virchow stated that living cells come only from other cells.

12. The Cell Theory Schwann Schleiden Virchow
The observations of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow form the cell theory.

13. The Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms
All cells arise from existing cells
The Cell Theory

14. Our objective:
Compare and contrast how prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses differ in structure and function.

15. What is a cell?
The smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

16. 2 Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

17. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 2 Types of Cells Pro = first; kary= cell
Eu= true; kary= cell

18. All living things….
Are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

19. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Smaller, simpler
Larger, complex

20. Do you think we are prokaryotes or eukaryotes and why???

21. Prokaryotic Cells Who? Unicellular bacteria (one-celled) What?
No true nucleus
One circular DNA
No membrane-bound organelles
First lived at least 3.5 billion years ago

22. Prokaryotes
A bacterium is a prokaryotic cell

23. Fig.3: Prokaryotic Cell (Bacillus megaterium)

24. Some bacteria have Flagella
Long, threadlike structures which enable movement.

25. Bacteria are important to all life on Earth. They…
Decompose dead things.
Fix nitrogen in the atmosphere to make it available to plants.
Digest sewage.
Break down oil from oil spills.
Synthesize medicines.
Help animals (including us) digest food.
Some cause disease.

26. Copy, color and label the Prokaryotic Cell (p. 472)
Period 4 stopped here 9/27/10

27. Eukaryotic Cells Who? Fungi What? Plants
Animals
What?
True nucleus with nuclear membrane
DNA (genes) located in nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Complex structure and function
Evolved 2.5 billion years ago

29. Fig. 1: Eukaryotic Cell (Mouse Cell)

30. Fig. 2: Candida albicans- Yeast (Eukaryotic Cell)

31. Plant Cell

32. Copy, color and label the Eukaryotic Animal Cell (p. 175)
A= Rough E.R. (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
B= Cytoplasm
C= Golgi apparatus
D= Nucleolus
E= Nucleus
F= Mitochondria
G= Smooth E.R.
H= Ribosome
I= Cell membrane

33. Copy, color and label the Eukaryotic Plant Cell (p. 175)G
A= Cell Wall
B= Nucleus
C= Cell Membrane
D=Rough E.R.
E= Chloroplast
F= Vacuole
G=Mitochondria
H=Golgi apparatus H

36. Make a Venn Diagram Comparing and Contrasting Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

37. Common Features of Eukaryotic and ProkaryoticCells
Cell membrane- encloses and protects the cell
Cytoplasm- interior fluid of cell
Cytoskeleton – microscopic fibers within cytoplasm
Ribosomes- structure on which proteins are made (Eukaryotic Ribosomes are larger and more complex)
DNA- provides instructions for making protein, regulate cellular activity and reproduce. (Eukaryotic DNA is more complex)

38. Cell Animation

39. Viruses! Not cells… Not alive…. So what are they?
A virus is a tiny particle made of nucleic acid (genetic material), protein and sometimes lipids that can only replicate by infecting living cells.
Most viruses are composed of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.
Viruses are NOT alive: They don’t grow, develop, or carry out respiration. They do not have organelles or a nucleus.

40. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Viruses may have only a few genes or over 100 genes.
They come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

41. Viruses enter cells and use the cell to make copies of themselves, often destroying the cell in the process.
Lytic Infection- virus enters cell, uses the cell’s energy, makes copies of itself and causes the cell to burst.
Lysogenic Infection- virus enters cell, embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and replicates itself- indefinitely or it may switch to the lytic cycle.

42. Viruses cause many human diseases.
Polio
Measles
AIDS
Mumps
Influenza
Yellow fever
Rabies
The common cold
Herpes
Hepatitis
Genital Warts

43. Bacteria cause many human diseases and problems.
Tuberculosis
Strep throat
Scarlet fever
Diptheria
Lyme disease
Tooth decay
Meningitis
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis

44. Make a Venn Diagram Comparing and Contrasting Cells and Viruses (use page 483 for help!)

45. Key points Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles allowing for thousands of chemical reactions to occur at once.
Viruses are not cells; they consist of only a protein coat surrounding a strand of genetic material, either RNA or DNA.

46. TEST PRACTICE!
Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
A are much smaller.
B have permeable membranes.
C have a higher rate of reproduction.
D have nuclei.

47. TEST PRACTICE! Which of these best completes this concept map?
A an animal cell
B a prokaryotic cell
C a virus
D a plant cell

48. HOMEWORK:
Read 19-1, 19-2 and 19-3 on Bacteria and Viruses and answer the Section Review questions. (15 pts)
DUE: TUESDAY!
Work on Cell Model
Read 7-1
Read 7-2 and Answer Section Review Questions in notebook (5 pts)

49. Eukaryotic Organelle Chart
Complete the chart and label the diagrams.

50. Eukaryotic Cell Model 30 points
Choose an animal cell or a plant cell.
Create a 3-D model of that cell, including all organelles. (15 pts)
Either label the model directly or create a key for the model. (5 pts)
You will be graded on creativity and likeness (how close it resembles a real cell). (10 pts)
For extra credit (10 pts), create a bacterial cell (prokaryote) in addition.