1. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on Topic: 7.3 Vertebral Column Essential Question: 1.On pg. 60 make a picture bubble map of the spine describing what each type of vertebra. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 1.On pg. 60 make a picture bubble map of the spine describing each type of vertebra. 7.3 Vertebral Column

2. Vertebral Column 2 Extends from the skull to the pelvis 26 bones Composed of many bony parts called vertebrae Separated by masses of fibrocartilage connected to one another by ligaments (discs) Supports the weight of the head and trunk of the body Protects the spinal cord Flexible Permits movement Bending forward, backward, side, rotation Function:

3. Figure 07.32

4. Compare parts of the vertebral column to others. What do you notice about its shape?

5. Primary curves: The thoracic curvature and the sacral curvature concave anteriorly Thoracic Curvature Sacral Curvature concave

6. Secondary Curves: The Cervical curvature in the neck and the lumbar curvatures in the lower back convex anteriorly Cervical Curvature Lumbar Curvature *Forms when a baby begins to hold its head up *Forms when a child begins to stand

7. 7 Vertebra: Drum-shaped body Row of these support the weight of the head and trunk Intervertebral Discs cushion and soften the forces caused by walking and jumping Otherwise might fracture vertebrae or jar the brain

8. 8 Vertebrae Intervertebral Disc Vertebra (One)

9. 9 Spinal cord passes through the vertebral arch

10. 10 Cervical Vertebrae Atlas –supports head Axis –dens pivots to turn head Make up bones in the neck Smallest of the vertebrae Have passageways for arteries leading to the brain

11. 11 Thoracic Vertebrae Slope downward Facets on the sides of its body connect to ribs

12. 12 Lumbar Vertebrae large bodies thick, short spinous processes Support more weight than other vertebrae Larger Stronger

13. 13 Sacrum Sacrum: triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column Fuses between 18-30 yrs of age Nerves and blood vessels pass through openings Connected to pelvis The pelvic girdle transmits body’s weight to the legs

14. 14 Coccyx Tailbone lowest part of vertebral column Acts as a shock absorber

15. Cervical vertebra Thoracic vertebra Lumbar vertebra Pg. 60: Draw and label the Vertebral Column (with curves labeled). For each type of vertebra, please explain its job/function

16. 16 Primary Curves Secondary Curves Thoracic Curvature Sacral Curvature Cervical Curvature Lumbar Curvature Sacrum Coccyx Thoracic vertebrae Cervical vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Vertebral Column X X